Abstract: A motor coil substrate includes a coil substrate including a flexible substrate and multiple coils formed on the flexible substrate such that the coils are extending from a first end toward a second end on the opposite side with respect to the first end. The flexible substrate includes inner peripheral and outer peripheral flexible substrates such that the coils include outer peripheral coils formed on the outer peripheral flexible substrate and inner peripheral coils formed on the inner peripheral flexible substrate, that a number of the outer peripheral coils and a number of the inner peripheral coils are L, that an m-th outer peripheral coil of the outer peripheral coils is positioned on a m-th inner peripheral coil of the inner peripheral coils, and that the m-th outer peripheral coil and the m-th inner peripheral coil are connected to each other in parallel, where L and m are natural numbers.

Abstract: A coil substrate includes a flexible substrate, and a coil including a wiring and formed on the flexible substrate. The flexible substrate has a cut penetrating through the flexible substrate such that the cut is formed to extend along a portion of the coil.

Abstract: A coil substrate for a motor includes a flexible substrate, and multiple coils formed on a surface of the flexible substrate. Each of the coils has a wiring having first wiring portions and second wiring portions extending from the first wirings respectively and is formed such that the first wiring portions extend parallel with respect to each other and that the second wiring portions extend not parallel to the first wirings, and the flexible substrate is formed to be formed around a magnet of a motor such that the first wiring portions form an angle that is substantially perpendicular to a rotation direction of the motor.

Abstract: A planar transformer includes a flexible insulating substrate having a first surface and a second surface on the opposite side with respect to the first surface, and multiple coils formed side by side on the first surface and the second surface of the flexible insulating substrate such that each of the coils includes a spiral-shaped wiring. The flexible insulating substrate has bending portions formed such that the flexible insulating substrate is folded at the bending portions and stack the coils one another.

Abstract: A motor coil substrate includes a flexible substrate, and multiple coils formed on the flexible substrate such that each of the coils has a spiral shape. The flexible substrate has multiple folding lines formed and the multiple coils positioned such that the flexible substrate is folded at the folding lines and wound around a magnet and that an m-th coil and an (m+1)-th coil of the coils partially overlap one another when folded at the folding lines.

Abstract: A planar transfoinier includes a flexible insulating substrate having a pair of short sides, a pair of long sides, a first surface, and a second surface on an opposite side with respect to the first surface, multiple coils formed side by side on the first surface and second surface of the flexible insulating substrate such that each of the coils has a spiral-shaped wiring, and multiple terminals formed on the flexible insulating substrate and connected to the coils respectively such that the terminals are positioned in a center portion of the flexible insulating substrate formed close to a center of the long sides of the flexible insulating substrate. The flexible insulating substrate has multiple bending portions formed such that the flexible insulating substrate is folded at the bending portions and stacks the coils one another.

Abstract: A composite flexible printed wiring board includes a first flexible printed wiring board having an insulating layer, conductor layers and a first metal block fitted in a hole penetrating through the conductor layers and insulating layer, and a second flexible printed wiring board having an insulating layer, conductor layers and a second metal block fitted in a hole penetrating through the conductor layers and insulating layer. The first flexible printed wiring board and the second flexible printed wiring board have a welded portion formed by welding the first metal block and the second metal block and joining the first metal block and the second metal block such that the welded portion is joining the first flexible printed wiring board and the second flexible printed wiring board.

Abstract: A flexible printed wiring board includes a flexible insulating layer, a conductor layer formed on a surface of the flexible insulating layer, and a metal body having a columnar shape and fitted in a hole penetrating through the flexible insulating layer and the conductor layer such that the metal body is formed of a welding base material and has an end portion formed to be joined to an electrode of a battery by welding. The welding base material of the metal body of the flexible printed wiring board includes the same material as the electrode of the battery.

Abstract: A composite flexible printed wiring board includes a first flexible printed wiring board having an insulating layer, conductor layers and a first metal block fitted in a hole penetrating through the conductor layers and insulating layer, and a second flexible printed wiring board having an insulating layer, conductor layers and a second metal block fitted in a hole penetrating through the conductor layers and insulating layer. The first flexible printed wiring board and the second flexible printed wiring board have a welded portion formed by welding the first metal block and the second metal block and joining the first metal block and the second metal block such that the welded portion is joining the first flexible printed wiring board and the second flexible printed wiring board.

Abstract: A composite wiring board includes a first wiring board including a first insulating layer, a first conductor layer formed on the first insulating layer, and metal elements penetrating the first insulating layer and the first conductor layer such that the metal elements are electrically connected to each other by the first conductor layer, and a second wiring board including a second insulating layer and a second conductor layer forming on the second insulating layer and including metal connection terminals such that the metal connection terminals are corresponding to and directly bonded to the metal elements of the first wiring board, respectively.

Abstract: An edge device is disposed at an entrance of a MPLS domain. The edge device, when receives a packet attached with a local label from a communication device of users side, extracts a destination label corresponding to the local label from a label learning table, rewrites the local label in the packet with the extracted label, and transmits the packet to a neighboring LSR corresponding to the extracted label within the MPLS domain.

Abstract: A method for detecting a congestion state in an ATM network without modifying the ATM network. A transmitter-side endsystem sends. to a receiver-side endsystem an amount of transmission data transmitted to a logical connection in the ATM network. The receiver-side endsystem counts an actually received amount of reception data, and compares the amount of transmission data with the actually received amount of reception data to detect the congestion state. Instead of the amount of the transmission data, a notification of completion of transmission of a predetermined amount of data may be sent to the receiver-side endsystem. In this case, the predetermined amount is stored in advance in both the transmitter-side and receiver-side endsystems, and receiver-side endsystem compares the predetermined amount with the actually received amount of reception data to detect the congestion state until the notification is received after a previous notification.

Abstract: A path setting method in a connection oriented network, includes the steps of resolving address information to set a shortcut path between a transmitting source device and a destination device, by use of a signaling message of a signaling protocol.

Abstract: A communications system which switches from an active server to a backup server without delay or interruption, thus achieving better quality of Voice over IP (VoIP) service. The system employs a first server to centrally manage client address information and a second server to back up the first server. They serve a plurality of clients, each having a client address registration unit and a communication controller. The client address registration unit registers the client with both the first and second servers by sending client address information thereto. The communication controller receives a resolved destination IP address and an allocated network bandwidth from the first server in normal situations, and from the second server when the first server is unresponsive.

Abstract: An edge device is disposed at an entrance of a MPLS domain. The edge device, when receives a packet attached with a local label from a communication device of users side, extracts a destination label corresponding to the local label from a label learning table, rewrites the local label in the packet with the extracted label, and transmits the packet to a neighboring LSR corresponding to the extracted label within the MPLS domain.

Abstract: A signaling method for a communication uses a signaling protocol, and includes the steps of making a re-connect request with respect to a receiving side end system from a certain system which is coupled to the receiving side end system, in place of a transmitting side end system, when the receiving side end system rejects a call connect request from the transmitting side end system, so that there is no need for the transmitting side end system to make a re-connect request even when the connect request from the transmitting side end system is rejected by the receiving side end system, and the connection can be established within a relatively short time.