Abstract: In a computer system provided with a checkpoint facility, an accounting record indicating a charge payable as a result of a normal process and an accounting record indicating a charge payable as a result of a checkpoint process are output separately.When a file is accessed, a determination is made as to whether the access occurs subsequent to the checkpoint process and whether the accessed file has not been saved. If it is determined that the access occurs subsequent to the checkpoint process and the accessed file has not been saved, the accessed file is appended to the saved information.

Abstract: A driving circuit for a liquid-crystal display device, the driving circuit including a shift register for outputting n control signals driving n signal lines coupled to display elements of the liquid-crystal display device where n is an integer, the shift register having a plurality of stages cascaded. Each of the plurality of stages includes delay elements connected in parallel, each of the delay elements having a unit delay time, and a selector for selecting, in response to a select signal commonly supplied to the plurality of stages, at least one of output signals of the delay elements and for outputting the above at least one of the output signals as a corresponding one of the n control signals.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display has a liquid crystal layer, first and second electrodes, and a third electrode. The liquid crystal layer is inserted between the first and second electrodes to define liquid crystal cells. The third electrode is capacitively coupled with one of the first and second electrodes. A correction voltage for correcting distortion of a waveform for driving one of the first and second electrodes is applied to the third electrode, to keep an effective voltage applied to the liquid crystal cells unchanged and improve the display quality of the liquid crystal display. Therefore, the liquid crystal display of the present invention can correct distortion of a common voltage and prevent crosstalk.

Abstract: In a driver circuit of direct drive matrix type LCD panel, a quantity of ON-STATE cells (or OFF-STATE cells) displayed on the just previous scan electrode is counted and a quantity of ON-STATE cells (or OFF-STATE cells) to be displayed on a present scan electrode is also counted. A compensation voltage is generated according to a predetermined relation based on a difference of the two above-counted quantities, and is superposed onto drive voltages of unselected scan electrodes or of each of data electrodes, in a polarity that an undesirable spike voltage induced on unselected cell voltage is cancelled, in synchronization with selection of the present scan electrode. The compensation voltage may be generated according to a digital difference of the two quantities or to a change in an analog voltage representing the counted quantity.

Abstract: An EL device having an electrode arrangement including first electrodes and at least one row of second electrodes intersecting the first electrodes and energized by a combination of the first and second electrodes. The second electrodes are divided into a plurality of sub-electrode portions. The electrode arrangement is such that the first electrodes each comprise a plurality of segments that are commonly-connected and intersect different sub-electrode portions. Another electrode arrangement is such that the first electrodes are arranged in a belt form and intersect different sub-electrodes portions in a meander manner.The EL device can be applied to an electrophotographic printing system as an optical system for forming a latent image. EL elements are repeatedly energized with the same data to give a sufficient intensity of light on a light sensitive medium, and deenergized for a time in which the intensity is decreased to a low level.