Abstract: A roughened cured material allows reduction of surface roughness and increase in adhesive strength between a cured object and a metal layer. A roughened cured material is obtained by advancing curing of an epoxy resin material to obtain a preliminary-cured material and conducting roughening treatment on a surface of the preliminary-cured material. The epoxy resin material contains an epoxy resin, a curing agent, and a silica whose mean particle diameter is not smaller than 0.2 ?m but not larger than 1.2 ?m. When a roughening-treated surface of the roughened cured material is photographed with a scanning electron microscope, in a 5 ?m×5 ?m sized area of the roughening-treated surface in a photographed image, the number of particles of the silica that are exposed from the roughening-treated surface and whose exposed portions have a maximum length of 0.3 ?M or longer in the image is not greater than 15.

Abstract: There is provided a resin fan capable of enhancing the mechanical strength in a weld part in view of the direction of reinforcing fiber. On the outer peripheral surface 16a of a cylindrical rib 16, convex parts 30 are formed in the middle portions between the portions in which radial ribs 18 adjoining each other are connected to the cylindrical rib 16. The cylindrical rib 16 is formed so that the thickness T in the radial direction thereof is decreased gradually from the base part 16c thereof toward the tip end part 16d. Further, the height H1 of the cylindrical rib 16 is set so as to be larger than the height H2 of the radial rib 18. Thereby, at the time of molding, the resin flows in the portions of the cylindrical rib 16 and the convex parts 30 are complicated, and thereby the orientation of glass fiber mixed in the resin is complicated.

Abstract: A parameter of an adaptive filter is optimized so that inter-symbol interference having an amount corresponding to an inserted fixed filter remains.

Abstract: Provided are: a carbon fiber bundle which has a large value of single-fiber fineness and excellent productivity and which, despite this, contains few interlaced single fibers therein and has excellent spreadability; and precursor fibers which are suitable for use in producing the carbon fiber bundle. The precursor fibers are a carbon-fiber-precursor acrylic fiber bundle which comprises a polyacrylonitrile copolymer comprising 95-99 mol % acrylonitrile units and 1-5 mol % hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate units and which has a single-fiber fineness of 1.5-5.0 dtex. In the acrylic fiber bundle, the cross-section of each single fiber which is perpendicular to the fiber axis has a shape that has a roundness of 0.9 or less.

Abstract: Provided is an epoxy resin composition capable of reducing the surface roughness of the surface of a roughening-treated cured body. The epoxy resin composition includes an epoxy resin, a curing agent, and a silica component obtained by performing a surface treatment on silica particles using a silane coupling agent; and the epoxy resin composition does not include a curing accelerator, or includes a curing accelerator at a content equal to or less than 3.5 parts by weight to a total of 100 parts by weight of the epoxy resin and the curing agent. Mean particle diameter of the silica particles is equal to or less than 1 ?m. An amount B (g) of the silane coupling agent used for surface treatment, per 1 g of the silica particles in the silica component, is within a range between 10% to 80% with regard to a value C (g) per 1 g of the silica particles, which is calculated by the following formula (X).

Abstract: A lead-free solder alloy exhibiting good performance in impact resistance and vibration resistance. Also provided are a solder ball using such a lead-free solder alloy, and an electronic member having a solder bump using such a lead-free alloy. Specifically, the lead-free solder alloy consists of 1.0 to 2.0% by mass of Ag, 0.3 to 1.0% by mass of Cu, 0.005 to 0.1% by mass of Ni and the balance including Sn and unavoidable impurities. In an Sn—Ag—Cu based solder joint portion on a Cu electrode, a Cu3Sn intermetallic compound layer is formed directly on the Cu electrode, and then a Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound layer is formed thereon. A Cu atomic site in the Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound layer is replaced by Ni having a smaller atomic radius than Cu to thereby reduce strain in the Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound layer, thus enabling impact resistance and vibration resistance to be improved therein.

Abstract: Provided is a propeller fan that can prevent deformation of the propeller fan while maintaining the basic performance thereof, such as the air blowing performance, efficiency, and noise performance. In a plastic propeller fan including a hub and a plurality of blades integrally molded in a radial pattern on the outer circumference of the hub, assuming that the radial size of each blade from the base to the outer peripheral edge is 100, a ring member that joins the plurality of blades together is provided at a dimension position of 5 to 45 from the outer peripheral edge.

Abstract: A metal foil including: a steel layer whose thickness is 10 to 200 ?m; an Al-containing metal layer arranged on the steel layer; and plural granular alloys which exist in an interface between the steel layer and the Al-containing metal layer, wherein, when a cutting-plane line of a surface of the Al-containing metal layer is defined as a contour curve and an approximation straight line of the contour curve is defined as a contour average straight line, a maximum point, whose distance from the contour average straight line is more than 10 ?m, is absent on the contour curve, and wherein, when an equivalent sphere diameter of the granular alloys is x in units of ?m and a thickness of the Al-containing metal layer is T in units of ?m, the granular alloys satisfy x?0.5T.

Abstract: A metal foil including: a steel layer whose thickness is 10 to 200 ?m; an alloy layer which contains Fe and Al and which is formed on the steel layer; and an Al-containing metal layer arranged on the alloy layer, wherein, when a cutting-plane line of a surface of the Al-containing metal layer is defined as a contour curve and an approximation straight line of the contour curve is defined as a contour average straight line, a maximum point, whose distance from the contour average straight line is more than 10 ?m, is absent on the contour curve, and a thickness of the alloy layer is 0.1 to 8 ?m and the alloy layer contains an Al7Cu2Fe intermetallic compound or FeAl3 based intermetallic compounds.

Abstract: A bandwidth variable communication apparatus includes: a route exchange unit including a route exchange function for switching an output port of a stream signal of one or more wavelengths input from an input port based on both or a part of wavelength and time, and including a bandwidth change function for changing passable frequency bandwidth in a section from the input port to the output port through which the stream signal passes; and a control unit including a control information transmit-receive function for transmitting and receiving control information for both or a part of the route exchange function and the bandwidth change function of the route exchange unit, and including a control function for controlling the route exchange unit based on the control information. All or a part of the input ports and the output ports are connected to other communication apparatuses via transmission routes.

Abstract: To provide a solder alloy, a solder ball and an electronic member having a solder bump, used for connection with a mother board or the like, having a melting temperature of less than 250° C. for the solder alloy, achieving high drop impact resistance required in mobile devices or the like. A solder alloy is used which consists of not less than 0.1 mass ppm of boron and not greater than 200 mass ppm of boron and a remainder comprising substantially not less than 40% by mass of Sn, in which its melting temperature is less than 250° C.

Abstract: A receiver device receives a signal inputted to one or a plurality of ports as a plurality of received signals, and includes: a phase offset estimating unit that, on the basis of a unique word of each signal block contained in said received signal, estimates the phase offset, and a phase offset compensating unit that, on the basis of a phase offset estimated by said phase offset estimating unit, compensates the phase offset; the receiver device uses a known signal component (unique word) contained in a frequency-domain equalized signal to compensate the phase offset, whereby it compensates complex phase offset fluctuation, and estimates the phase offset of a signal obtained at each port.

Abstract: An optical modulator and an optical transmission system convert continuous light of a multiple wavelength light source, which generates the continuous light with a fixed and complete phase but different frequencies, to a modulator driving signal so as to generate a light subcarrier with each frequency at the center and modulate the continuous light to the light subcarrier by using the modulator driving signal. In the case where an optical modulation is carried out by an optical IQ-modulator, transmitting data, for example, is converted to two parallel data A(t) and B(t), an I phase signal, in which the data A(t)+B(t) are modulated with a clock signal with a frequency ?, and a Q phase signal, in which the data A(t)?B(t) are modulated with a clock signal with a ?/2 phase shifted, are generated, and the I phase signal and the Q phase signal are applied to electrodes of the optical IQ-modulator, respectively.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a stereoscopic image display apparatus includes a bonding step of bonding an image display panel and a phase difference element by disposing an adhesive layer between the entire surfaces thereof, the image display panel displaying a right-eye image and a left-eye image by regularly mixing them in a plane, the phase difference element including a right-eye image display section corresponding to the right-eye image and a left-eye image display section corresponding to the left-eye image, the phase difference element achieving different polarizations between the right-eye image display section and the left-eye image display section, the adhesive layer being composed of a transparent gel acrylic adhesive with a thickness of 25 to 100 ?m, hardness of the adhesive being more than 0 and 350000 ?N or less, holding strength of the adhesive at 40° C. after bonding being 8 to 20 N/20 mm.

Abstract: A stereoscopic image display apparatus includes an image display panel displaying an image for a right eye and an image for a left eye in a regularly mixed manner in a plane, a phase difference element including a right-eye image display portion corresponding to the image for the right eye and a left-eye image display portion corresponding to the image for the left eye to provide different polarization states, a light shield layer formed to project only in an area including a boundary between the right-eye image display portion and the left-eye image display portion of the phase difference element, and a binder layer interposed between the phase difference element and the image display panel to levelly coat and fill projections and recesses formed by the light shield layers, thus bonding the image display panel, the phase difference element, and the light shield layers together.

Abstract: Provided is a frequency offset estimation apparatus that appropriately estimates and compensates for a frequency offset of a received signal when estimating the frequency offset which is the difference between a carrier frequency of the received signal and the frequency of an output signal of a local oscillator.

Abstract: When a circuit that calculates a frequency offset using a shape of a frequency spectrum is implemented by hardware, the circuit size can be reduced.

Abstract: A high-performance optical OFDM receiver is realized. A subcarrier separation circuit receives an optical OFDM signal consisting of two subcarriers A and B and separates a subcarrier component, signal light and first local oscillator light are input to the subcarrier separation circuit, the subcarrier separation circuit converts the signal light and the first local oscillator into a baseband electrical signal, the subcarrier separation circuit converts the baseband electrical signal into a digital signal, the subcarrier separation circuit shifts the frequency of the converted digital signal so that a center frequency of the subcarrier A becomes zero, and the subcarrier separation circuit adds a frequency shifted signal to a signal obtained by delaying the frequency shifted signal by ½ of a symbol time to separate a component of the subcarrier A.

Abstract: A polarization state of a transmission signal can be changed at a high speed based on a symbol-rate By switching a first switch, a second switch, and a third switch with time, one of an X-polarized wave_I-signal as a Y-polarized wave_I-signal, a signal caused by performing logical inversion for an X-polarized wave_I-signal, an X-polarized wave_Q-signal and a signal caused by logical inversion for an X-polarized wave_Q-signal is input to a second modulator. Further, by switching the first switch, the second switch and the third switch with time, the second modulator is input one of the X-polarized wave_I-signal as the Y-polarized wave_Q-signal, the X-polarized wave_I-signal, the signal caused by performing logical inversion for the X-polarized wave_I-signal, the X-polarized wave_Q-signal and the signal caused by performing logical inversion for the X-polarized wave_Q-signal. Thereby, a polarization state of a transmission signal can be changed at high speed based on a symbol-rate speed.

Abstract: A stereoscopic image display apparatus includes an image display panel displaying an image for a right eye and an image for a left eye in a regularly mixed manner in a plane, a phase difference element including a right-eye image display portion corresponding to the image for the right eye and a left-eye image display portion corresponding to the image for the left eye to provide different polarization states, a light shield layer formed to project only in an area including a boundary between the right-eye image display portion and the left-eye image display portion of the phase difference element, and a binder layer interposed between the phase difference element and the image display panel, except for a portion between a top surface of the light shield layer and the image display panel, thus bonding the image display panel, the phase difference element, and the light shield layer together.