Abstract: An adhesive is coated on at least one surface of a thin film of organic material having birefringent properties and a phase-difference producing function, and a fixing substrate having transmitting or reflecting properties is bonded to the thin film of organic material by the adhesive, wherein materials satisfying relations of E1<E2 and E3<E2 where E1 is the linear expansion coefficient of the thin film of organic material, E2 is the linear expansion coefficient of the adhesive and E3 is the linear expansion coefficient of the fixing substrate, and the glass transition temperature of the thin film of organic material being 150° or more, are selected.

Abstract: An adhesive is coated on at least one surface of a thin film of organic material having birefringent properties and a phase-difference producing function, and a fixing substrate having transmitting or reflecting properties is bonded to the thin film of organic material by the adhesive, wherein materials satisfying relations of E1<E2 and E3<E2 where E1 is the linear expansion coefficient of the thin film of organic material, E2 is the linear expansion coefficient of the adhesive and E3 is the linear expansion coefficient of the fixing substrate, and the glass transition temperature of the thin film of organic material being 150° or more, are selected.

Abstract: An adhesive is coated on at least one surface of a thin film of organic material having birefringent properties and a phase-difference producing function, and a fixing substrate having transmitting or reflecting properties is bonded to the thin film of organic material by the adhesive, wherein materials satisfying relations of E1<E2 and E3<E2 where E1 is the linear expansion coefficient of the thin film of organic material, E2 is the linear expansion coefficient of the adhesive and E3 is the linear expansion coefficient of the fixing substrate, and the glass transition temperature of the thin film of organic material being 150° or more, are selected.

Abstract: An adhesive is coated on at least one surface of a thin film of organic material having birefringent properties and a phase-difference producing function, and a fixing substrate having transmitting or reflecting properties is bonded to the thin film of organic material by the adhesive, wherein materials satisfying relations of E1<E2 and E3<E2 where E1 is the linear expansion coefficient of the thin film of organic material, E2 is the linear expansion coefficient of the adhesive and E3 is the linear expansion coefficient of the fixing substrate, and the glass transition temperature of the thin film of organic material being 150° or more, are selected.

Abstract: A laser projection apparatus including a liquid crystal optical element of a transparent and scattering type having a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite. A laser beam having a wavelength of approximately 1 .mu.m emitted from a laser beam source is supplied to the liquid crystal optical element, and a projection optical system operates for reduction-projection a laser beam emitted from the liquid crystal optical element onto an object. Further, with respect to a certain pixel of the liquid crystal optical element, there are overlapped portions between lead lines of a common electrode and lead lines of a segment electrode in the vicinity of the pixel, a width W.sub.1 (.mu.m) of the overlapped portion, a reduction projection ratio (projection by 1/N) and a gap d(.mu.m) between electrodes of the liquid crystal optical element satisfy the relation, W.sub.1 +d<10.times.N. Further, the refractive index anisotropy .DELTA.n of the employed liquid crystal is 0.18 or higher, the viscosity .eta.

Abstract: Improvements in apparatus for the manufacture of a cable by laying or assemblying pre-twisted outer strands around a pre-twisted core. For smooth transmission of the pre-twist through the core length from a pay-out reel to a laying die, a series of interspaced pairs of opposed guide rollers are disposed along the path of the core to engage the same therebetween. Further, for smooth transmission of the pre-twists through the lengths of the outer strands from respective pay-out reels to the laying die, a series of interspaced tapered guide rollers are disposed along a curve in the path of each outer strand. At least some of the tapered guide rollers are set an an angle to the axial direction of the outer strand being fed thereover and, preferably, further to the direction normal to the vertical plane containing the curve in the outer strand path.