Abstract: An automobile includes a fan configured to send cooling air, a fan driving apparatus, a first electronic control unit, and a second electronic control unit. The first electronic control unit is configured to output a first driving control signal to the fan driving apparatus when an ignition switch is turned off and a predetermined condition is established. The second electronic control unit is configured to determine whether or not the first driving control signal has been output by monitoring the signal line when the ignition switch is turned off. The second electronic control unit is configured to output a second driving control signal to the fan driving apparatus when determination is made that the first driving control signal has not been output to the fan driving apparatus from the first electronic control unit, the ignition switch is turned off, and the predetermined condition is established.

Abstract: An automobile includes a fan configured to send cooling air, a fan driving apparatus, a first electronic control unit, and a second electronic control unit. The first electronic control unit is configured to output a first driving control signal to the fan driving apparatus when an ignition switch is turned off and a predetermined condition is established. The second electronic control unit is configured to determine whether or not the first driving control signal has been output by monitoring the signal line when the ignition switch is turned off. The second electronic control unit is configured to output a second driving control signal to the fan driving apparatus when determination is made that the first driving control signal has not been output to the fan driving apparatus from the first electronic control unit, the ignition switch is turned off, and the predetermined condition is established.

Abstract: A method of preparing a durable air-permeable mold having dimensional accuracy and without cracks clue to the segregation of the ingredients of the aggregate and without a surface irregularity, which comprises compounding 100 parts by weight of an aggregate obtained by compounding metal powders with metal oxide powders in a weight ratio of 5:95 to 30:70, the metal of said metal oxide powders being the same as that of the metal powders, 80% or more of said metal powders and said metal oxide powders having grain sizes of 300 .mu.m or less, with 10 to 35 by weight of an auxiliary hardening material that is softened and melted during the sintering process, and 10 to 25 by weight of a binder that contains an evaporable component, mixing them to form a slurry mixture, pouring it in a pattern mold to obtain a mold, drying the thus-obtained mold, and sintering the dried mold in an oxidative atmosphere at a temperature of 600.degree. to 1200.degree. C.

Abstract: Proposed models are used for forming into destined shapes liquid, slurry, soft, sheet or lump materials, and are provided with endurance for many times of use and excellent permeability. A basic feature is that aggregates are ferrous or non-ferrous metallic grains and ceramic grains, to which a binder contained in evaporating or consumable substance is added and kneaded, and sintered. The mode has a close hardened layer scattered with metallic oxides on at least a shell. The hardened layer has fine air vents in its thickness. The whole body of a model is 5 to 60% of porosity and more than 100 Kg/cm.sup.2 of compression strength.