Abstract: Provided are a device and a method which determine a threshold value for detecting abnormality in a working path in which the cutting condition changes momentarily to thereby enable abnormality determination. Cutting force that becomes an abnormality determination value and threshold value information are previously calculated by cutting simulation, and a threshold value with which a comparison is to be made is determined from the position coordinates of a working machine which have been acquired during cutting and the measurement result of cutting force to thereby enable abnormality determination.

Abstract: A transflective type liquid crystal display has display side members; rear side members which include a diffuse reflector layer with apertures, and a glass substrate; and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the display side members and the rear side members, wherein on the opposite side from the diffuse reflector layer, the glass substrate has aperture-forming lenses used for exposure and removal during formation of the apertures of the diffuse reflector layer, and a flattening layer used to flatten a concave and convex surface produced by the aperture-forming lenses. This makes it possible to implement a transflective type liquid crystal display with excellent visibility regardless of whether an external light or internal lighting source is used.

Abstract: A transflective type liquid crystal display has display side members; rear side members which include a diffuse reflector layer with apertures, and a glass substrate; and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the display side members and the rear side members, wherein on the opposite side from the diffuse reflector layer, the glass substrate has aperture-forming lenses used for exposure and removal during formation of the apertures of the diffuse reflector layer, and a flattening layer used to flatten a concave and convex surface produced by the aperture-forming lenses. This makes it possible to implement a transflective type liquid crystal display with excellent visibility regardless of whether an external light or internal lighting source is used.

Abstract: A component including a part having a concave and convex configuration for one of the enabling one of light convergence, light diffusion and light diffraction, being formed as a reflective film. The outline of the concave and convex configuration viewed from a right angle relative to a horizontal face has a half moon-shape, and a direction of a straight line part of the half moon-shape of each concave and convex configuration matches a direction of the horizontal face, and a plurality of the concave and convex configurations are combined.

Abstract: A microlens array having a substrate and microlenses of a substantially circular profile provided on the substrate and each arranged such that a major axis and a minor axis thereof, which pass through a center of the substantially circular profile and intersect at 90 degrees, are substantially equal in length to each other, and sectional forms at faces vertical to an axis parallel to the major axis or the minor axis are, respectively, made of the same curved shape at any position.

Abstract: A component including a part having a concave and convex configuration for one of the enabling one of light convergence, light diffusion and light diffraction, being formed as a reflective film. The outline of the concave and convex configuration viewed from a right angle relative to a horizontal face has a half moon-shape, and a direction of a straight line part of the half moon-shape of each concave and convex configuration matches a direction of the horizontal face, and a plurality of the concave and convex configurations are combined.

Abstract: A microlens configuration having a substantially circular form is constituted of a part of one circle or aspheric curve at any section when a section is taken at a face which is vertical to a major axis or a minor axis of the microlens configuration. A laminate for transfer includes a concave and convex pattern having concave and convex forms of a transfer master pattern, in which a number of such configurations as mentioned above are arranged, transferred to a substrate to be transferred, and a thin film layer laminated on the concave and convex surface thereof wherein a surface of the thin film layer opposite to a surface in contact with a provisional support is used as a bonding face to an application substrate.

Abstract: A microlens configuration having a substantially circular form is constituted of a part of one circle or aspheric curve at any section when a section is taken at a face which is vertical to a major axis or a minor axis of the microlens configuration. A laminate for transfer includes a concave and convex pattern having concave and convex forms of a transfer master pattern, in which a number of such configurations as mentioned above are arranged, transferred to a substrate to be transferred, and a thin film layer laminated on the concave and convex surface thereof wherein a surface of the thin film layer opposite to a surface in contact with a provisional support is used as a bonding face to an application substrate.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube includes a plate having a first hole on a first surface of the plate and a second hole on a second surface of the plate. The first and second holes coupled together to allow electron beams to pass therethrough. The plate is a unitary structure. The first hole is formed by initiating a first hole formation from the first surface, and the second hole is formed by initiating a second hole formation from the second surface. The first surface is on an opposing side of the second surface.

Abstract: A microlens configuration having a substantially circular form is constituted of a part of one circle or aspheric curve at any section when a section is taken at a face which is vertical to a major axis or a minor axis of the microlens configuration. A laminate for transfer includes a concave and convex pattern having concave and convex forms of a transfer master pattern, in which a number of such configurations as mentioned above are arranged, transferred to a substrate to be transferred, and a thin film layer laminated on the concave and convex surface thereof wherein a surface of the thin film layer opposite to a surface in contact with a provisional support is used as a bonding face to an application substrate.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube includes a plate having a first hole on a first surface of the plate and a second hole on a second surface of the plate. The first and second holes are coupled together to allow electron beams to pass therethrough. The first hole has a first diameter, and the second hole has a second diameter.

Abstract: In a high-rigidity structure made of sheet metal, in order to prevent increases of vibrations and noises owing to deterioration of the rigidity caused by decreasing the thickness of the sheet-metal, ribs having a height 10 times or more larger than the sheet-metal thickness are formed on bent portions of the sheet-metal structure, corrugated continuous grooves having two or more crest portions are formed on a surface of each of the bent portions on a smaller-radius side, and concave/convex sections corresponding to the continuous grooves are formed on side surfaces of each of the ribs which connect a larger-radius side and the smaller-radius side.