Abstract: A light-emitting component includes: a substrate; plural light-emitting elements that are disposed on the substrate and that emit light in a direction intersecting with a surface of the substrate; and plural thyristors that are stacked on the plural light-emitting elements and that are turned ON to drive the corresponding light-emitting elements so that the light-emitting elements emit light or an amount of light emitted from the light-emitting elements is increased. Each of the plural light-emitting elements includes a current confinement region which is oxidized via a hole provided in a multilayer structure. The multilayer structure is constituted by a corresponding light-emitting element and a corresponding thyristor.

Abstract: A light-emitting component includes: a substrate; plural light-emitting elements that are disposed on the substrate and that emit light in a direction intersecting with a surface of the substrate; and plural thyristors that are stacked on the plural light-emitting elements and that are turned ON to drive the corresponding light-emitting elements so that the light-emitting elements emit light or an amount of light emitted from the light-emitting elements is increased. Each of the plural light-emitting elements includes a current confinement region which is oxidized via a hole provided in a multilayer structure. The multilayer structure is constituted by a corresponding light-emitting element and a corresponding thyristor.

Abstract: A modeling apparatus includes: a moving unit that moves reciprocally and relatively with respect to a board; one or a plurality of ejecting units that are disposed at the moving unit, and that ejects a droplet of a photo-curable modeling liquid toward the board; a light-emitting device having a first light-emitting unit that is disposed at the moving unit and that emits emission light to the modeling liquid which is ejected and landed on the board, while the ejecting unit is moved in a forward direction, to cure the modeling liquid, and a second light-emitting unit that is disposed at the moving unit and that emits emission light to the modeling liquid which is ejected and landed on the board, while the ejecting unit is moved in a backward direction, to cure the modeling liquid; a control section as defined herein; and a flattening unit as defined herein.

Abstract: A modeling apparatus includes: a moving unit that moves reciprocally and relatively with respect to a board; one or a plurality of ejecting units that are disposed at the moving unit, and that ejects a droplet of a photo-curable modeling liquid toward the board; a light-emitting device having a first light-emitting unit that is disposed at the moving unit and that emits emission light to the modeling liquid which is ejected and landed on the board, while the ejecting unit is moved in a forward direction, to cure the modeling liquid, and a second light-emitting unit that is disposed at the moving unit and that emits emission light to the modeling liquid which is ejected and landed on the board, while the ejecting unit is moved in a backward direction, to cure the modeling liquid; a control section as defined herein; and a flattening unit as defined herein.

Abstract: Provided is a curing agent for a three-dimensional shaped product including a compatible material that is compatible with a molded article forming agent for forming a three-dimensional shaped product, and a curing material that cures the molded article forming agent.

Abstract: Provided is a curing agent for a three-dimensional shaped product including a compatible material that is compatible with a molded article forming agent for forming a three-dimensional shaped product, and a curing material that cures the molded article forming agent.

Abstract: Provided is a stack forming apparatus including a molded article forming agent ejecting unit, that ejects a molded article forming agent for forming a three dimensional shaped product, onto a shaping stand, a surface modification unit that modifies wettability of surfaces of the molded article forming agent, and a control unit that controls the molded article forming agent ejecting section and the surface modification unit so that the three dimensional shaped product is formed by stacking the molded article forming agent through the repetition of ejection of the molded article forming agent and modification of the surface of the molded article forming agent.

Abstract: A display medium includes a first substrate that is transparent to light, a second substrate, a spacing member, and a particle dispersion liquid. The second substrate is provided to be opposite to the first substrate and has a plurality of electrodes placed at a predetermined interval. The spacing member (i) is placed between the first and second substrates at another interval different from the predetermined interval of the electrodes, (ii) has a first end portion on a first substrate side of the spacing member and a second end portion on a second substrate side of the spacing member. The first end portion is transparent to light. The second end portion has different transparency from the first end portion to reduces a reflection of light incident through the first substrate onto a first substrate side of the spacing member.

Abstract: A display medium of the present invention includes first and second substrates, a spacing member and a particle dispersion liquid. The first substrate is transparent to light. The second substrate is opposite to the first substrate and has plural electrodes placed at an interval. The second substrate has a difference between reflectivity of the electrode portions and reflectivity of plural boundary portions between the electrodes with respect to light incident from the first substrate side. The difference is 12 percentage points or less. The spacing member is placed between the first and second substrates at another interval, is transparent to light, and keeps a gap between the first and second substrates. The particle dispersion liquid is filled between the first and second substrates, and includes particles moving in a direction of an electric field formed between the first and second substrates and a dispersion medium.

Abstract: A display medium includes a first substrate that is transparent to light, a second substrate, a spacing member, and a particle dispersion liquid. The second substrate is provided to be opposite to the first substrate and has a plurality of electrodes placed at a predetermined interval. The spacing member (i) is placed between the first and second substrates at another interval different from the predetermined interval of the electrodes, (ii) has a first end portion on a first substrate side of the spacing member and a second end portion on a second substrate side of the spacing member. The first end portion is transparent to light. The second end portion has different transparency from the first end portion to reduces a reflection of light incident through the first substrate onto a first substrate side of the spacing member.

Abstract: A display medium of the present invention includes first and second substrates, a spacing member and a particle dispersion liquid. The first substrate is transparent to light. The second substrate is opposite to the first substrate and has plural electrodes placed at an interval. The second substrate has a difference between reflectivity of the electrode portions and reflectivity of plural boundary portions between the electrodes with respect to light incident from the first substrate side. The difference is 12 percentage points or less. The spacing member is placed between the first and second substrates at another interval, is transparent to light, and keeps a gap between the first and second substrates. The particle dispersion liquid is filled between the first and second substrates, and includes particles moving in a direction of an electric field formed between the first and second substrates and a dispersion medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a display medium, including preparing a first substrate on which a gap retaining member that retains a gap between substrates is disposed in a protruded form; applying an adhesive to a top surface of the gap retaining member; disposing a particle dispersion liquid on an area surrounded by the first substrate and the gap retaining member; and adhering the first substrate and a second substrate together via the gap retaining member, by contacting the second substrate with the adhesive applied to the top surface of the gap retaining member and drying the solvent of the adhesive so as to adhere the second substrate to the top surface of the gap retaining member by the adhesive component of the adhesive. The display medium and a display apparatus including the display medium and an electrical field-generating unit are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a display medium which prevents a decrease in reflectance during storage at high temperatures, and a writing apparatus using the display medium. A photoconductive layer 24, a selective light transmission layer 22, and a liquid crystal layer 20 are laminated between substrates 12 and 14, which have electrodes 16 and 18, respectively, to form a display medium 10. The selective light transmission layer 22 as a color layer is composed of a deionized material. The ion concentration of the selective light transmission layer 22 is controlled to be within a predetermined range.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a display medium, including: preparing a first substrate on which a gap retaining member that retains a gap between substrates is disposed in a protruded form; applying an adhesive to a top surface of the gap retaining member; disposing a particle dispersion liquid on an area surrounded by the first substrate and the gap retaining member; and adhering the first substrate and a second substrate together via the gap retaining member, by contacting the second substrate with the adhesive applied to the top surface of the gap retaining member and drying the solvent of the adhesive so as to adhere the second substrate to the top surface of the gap retaining member by the adhesive component of the adhesive.

Abstract: A display medium includes: a pair of substrates that have light transmittance; electrode members that are respectively formed on the opposing surfaces of the substrates, have light transmittance, and are capable of carrying an electric current; a display member that is interposed between the electrode members and displays display information when the electric current is supplied; a terminal portion provided at one electrode member; a reinforcing portion that has electrical conductivity and is joined to the terminal portion; and a mounted electrode that has electrical conductivity and is joined to the terminal portion by a joining material that has, after curing, a cohesive force larger than that of the reinforcing portion. The area of a reinforcing joining region of the terminal portion to which the reinforcing portion is joined is smaller than the area of a mounted joining region of the terminal portion to which the joining material is joined.

Abstract: An optical switching element including at least a multi-layered optical switching layer that includes a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer wherein, the charge transport layer contains a charge transporting material represented by the following general formula (1). The optical switching element is applicable in a device, a photoaddressable display medium and a display device. The optical switching element may alternatively include a mono-layered optical switching layer that has a charge generating function and a charge transporting function, wherein the mono-layered optical switching layer contains the charge transporting material represented by the following general formula (1).

Abstract: A display medium includes: a pair of substrates that have light transmittance; electrode members that are respectively formed on the opposing surfaces of the substrates, have light transmittance, and are capable of carrying an electric current; a display member that is interposed between the electrode members and displays display information when the electric current is supplied; a terminal portion provided at one electrode member; a reinforcing portion that has electrical conductivity and is joined to the terminal portion; and a mounted electrode that has electrical conductivity and is joined to the terminal portion by a joining material that has, after curing, a cohesive force larger than that of the reinforcing portion. The area of a reinforcing joining region of the terminal portion to which the reinforcing portion is joined is smaller than the area of a mounted joining region of the terminal portion to which the joining material is joined.

Abstract: The present invention provides a display medium which prevents a decrease in reflectance during storage at high temperatures, and a writing apparatus using the display medium. A photoconductive layer 24, a selective light transmission layer 22, and a liquid crystal layer 20 are laminated between substrates 12 and 14, which have electrodes 16 and 18, respectively, to form a display medium 10. The selective light transmission layer 22 as a color layer is composed of a deionized material. The ion concentration of the selective light transmission layer 22 is controlled to be within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A method for producing a photoconductive switching element for switching a functional element to be driven by an AC field or a DC field, in which the photoconductive switching element comprises an electrode layer, a lower charge generation layer, a charge transport layer and an upper charge generation layer laminated in that order on a substrate, which comprises forming at least one layer to be laminated above the electrode layer by the use of a solvent system that comprises a solvent capable of swelling or dissolving the layer just below the layer to be laminated.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical switching element and a device, an optically addressed type display medium and a display each including such an optical switching element. The optical switching element comprising an optical switching layer including lower and upper charge generating layers and a charge transporting layer sandwiched therebetween, wherein the optical switching element has at least one of the following characteristics. (1) In the charge transporting layer, a charge transporting material to binder polymer ratio calculated according to the formula: [charge transporting material/(charge transporting material+binder polymer)]×100 (% by weight) is 50% by weight or more; (2) a polymer compound is used as the charge transporting material; and (3) the charge generating layer on the light incident side (the lower charge generating layer) has a lower light absorptance than that of the other charge generating layer (the upper charge generating layer).