Abstract: A management method for a power storage device includes: when a discharging request for energy management is received, determining (S172) whether or not a degree of deterioration of a power storage device is larger than a first reference value with regard to a battery lease vehicle (vehicle including a power storage device having been lent); and based on a result of the determination, instructing (S18) the battery lease vehicle in which the degree of deterioration of the power storage device is smaller than the first reference value, to perform discharging to outside of the vehicle in accordance with the discharging request, and not instructing the battery lease vehicle in which the degree of deterioration of the power storage device is larger than the first reference value, to perform discharging in accordance with the discharging request.

Abstract: A method of leasing a power storage includes obtaining, for a vehicle including a power storage, a value of the power storage based on a capacity retention rate of the power storage, determining an insurance fee for a user of the vehicle to receive an insurance service relating to replacement of the power storage based on an accident risk of the vehicle, and determining a lease fee of the power storage based on the value of the power storage and the insurance fee.

Abstract: A server (management apparatus) includes: a communication unit (first acquisition unit) that acquires a request regarding adjustment of electric power supply-and-demand in a power grid; and a processor (controller) that performs, based on the request, control to notify, a user of an electrically powered vehicle, of a replacement cost required for battery replacement at a battery station (battery replacement apparatus). When charging with electric power of the power grid is requested and a battery (first battery) of the electrically powered vehicle has an SOC lower than the SOC of a battery (second battery) having a maximum SOC to be used for charging, among a plurality of batteries (second batteries), the processor performs control to notify the user of the replacement cost lower than a normal replacement cost.

Abstract: A server includes a communication unit (first communication unit) (second communication unit) that receives information about a request for adjustment of power supply-and-demand in a power grid. The server includes a processor (controller) that predicts a schedule of replacement of a battery (first battery) at a battery station (battery replacement apparatus). The processor specifies, based on the schedule, a battery (second battery) available for charging or discharging for the request for adjustment, and determines, based on the specified battery, whether or not it is possible to respond to the request for adjustment.

Abstract: A barrel with a cap, a pre-filled syringe, and a cap with a connector that accommodate connection-receiving bodies of the Luer lock type and of the slip-in type, are provided. Some versions include: a connector (3) detachably coupled to a cap (2) so as to be separated from the barrel (1) together with the cap (2) when the connector (3) is located at an initial position where the connector (3) is attached to a barrel (1) via the cap (2); and a connector-side engaging part (33) that engages a barrel-side engaging part (13) of the barrel (1) when the connector (3) is located at an attached position that is closer to a proximal end in an axial direction of the barrel (1) than the initial position, allowing the connector (3) to remain attached to the barrel (1) by being detached from the cap (2) separated from a nozzle (11).

Abstract: The present invention provides a barrel with a cap, a pre-filled syringe, and a cap with a connector that are available for both connection-receiving bodies of the Luer lock type and connection-receiving bodies of the slip-in type. The present invention is characterized by including: a connector (3) that is detachably coupled to a cap (2) so as to be separated from the barrel (1) together with the cap (2) when the connector (3) is located at an initial position where the connector (3) is attached to a barrel (1) via the cap (2); and a connector-side engaging part 33 that engages a barrel-side engaging part (13) of the barrel (1) when the connector (3) is located at an attached position that is located closer to a proximal end in an axial direction of the barrel (1) than the initial position is, thereby allowing the connector (3) to remain attached to the barrel (1) by being detached from the cap (2) separated from a nozzle (11).

Abstract: A method for controlling electrical conductivity to a work piece by irradiating pulse light from a light source onto the work piece, the method comprising a step of controlling the light irradiation index S of the pulse light in a 400?S?900 range, wherein light energy, pulse width and light irradiation index are represented by E J/cm2, ? sec, and S, and the S is defined as E/?1/2.

Abstract: A method for controlling electrical conductivity of a work piece by emitting pulse light from a light source onto the work piece, the method comprising a step of controlling the light emission index S of the pulse light in a 400≦S≦900 range, wherein light energy, pulse width and light emission index are represented by E J/cm2, &tgr; sec, and S, and the S is defined as E/&tgr;1/2.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of liquid crystal layers are stacked on a substrate, a method for bonding a film for sealing liquid crystal to supporting members is improved and the fabrication cost is thereby reduced, in order to provide a reflective type liquid crystal display device that achieves a bright display image and causes no parallax problem, and to provide a reducing method of the device. The liquid crystal display device comprises a substrate, a resin film, a multiplicity of columnar supporting members, an adhesive layer, and a liquid crystal layer. The substrate comprises a pixel electrode and a driving element connected to the pixel electrode, both formed on the upper surface of the substrate. The resin film comprises a common electrode provided on the upper surface of the film, and is disposed upwardly with respect to the substrate. The supporting members are provided on the substrate so as to support the resin film.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of liquid crystal layers are stacked on a substrate, a method for bonding a film for sealing liquid crystal to supporting members is improved and the fabrication cost is thereby reduced, in order to provide a reflective type liquid crystal display device that achieves a bright display image and causes no parallax problem, and to provide a reducing method of the device. The liquid crystal display device comprises a substrate, a resin film, a multiplicity of columnar supporting members, an adhesive layer, and a liquid crystal layer. The substrate comprises a pixel electrode and a driving element connected to the pixel electrode, both formed on the upper surface of the substrate. The resin film comprises a common electrode provided on the upper surface of the film, and is disposed upwardly with respect to the substrate. The supporting members are provided on the substrate so as to support the resin film.

Abstract: A reflector comprises a substrate provided with a plurality of projecting and depressed structures which are groups of columnar portions each serving as a basic unit and composed of a plurality of minute columnar portions, which are separate from each other or at least partially connected to each other, and with a light reflecting thin film provided over the projecting and depressed structures. This allows incident light to be scattered and reflected in a forward direction or the like, not in the regular reflection direction, and provides a reflector having a superior contrast property and a superior paper-white property, a fabrication method therefor, and a reflective display device comprising the reflector. The reflective display device has a liquid crystal layer provided between a pair of substrates. One of the pair of substrates is provided with projecting and depressed portions covered with a metal film and with a support portion for supporting the counter substrate, which are molded integrally.

Abstract: A reflector comprises a substrate provided with a plurality of projecting and depressed structures which are groups of columnar portions each serving as a basic unit and composed of a plurality of minute columnar portions, which are separate from each other or at least partially connected to each other, and with a light reflecting thin film provided over the projecting and depressed structures. This allows incident light to be scattered and reflected in a forward direction or the like, not in the regular reflection direction, and provides a reflector having a superior contrast property and a superior paper-white property, a fabrication method therefor, and a reflective display device comprising the reflector. The reflective display device has a liquid crystal layer provided between a pair of substrates. One of the pair of substrates is provided with projecting and depressed portions covered with a metal film and with a support portion for supporting the counter substrate, which are molded integrally.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of liquid crystal layers are stacked on a substrate, a method for bonding a film for sealing liquid crystal to supporting members is improved and the fabrication cost is thereby reduced, in order to provide a reflective type liquid crystal display device that achieves a bright display image and causes no parallax problem, and to provide a reducing method of the device. The liquid crystal display device comprises a substrate, a resin film, a multiplicity of columnar supporting members, an adhesive layer, and a liquid crystal layer. The substrate comprises a pixel electrode and a driving element connected to the pixel electrode, both formed on the upper surface of the substrate. The resin film comprises a common electrode provided on the upper surface of the film, and is disposed upwardly with respect to the substrate. The supporting members are provided on the substrate so as to support the resin film.

Abstract: A dichroic or trichromatic transparent display apparatus through which a background view is seen comprises a transparent substrate, a hologram formed on a rear face of the transparent substrate, a dispersion liquid crystal device disposed in front of a front face of the transparent substrate, a light source disposed for facing a side face of the transparent substrate and a transparent layer at least partially provided between the transparent substrate and the hologram. The refractive index of the transparent layer is smaller than that of the transparent substrate. A first light emitted from the light source and having a first wavelength is totally reflected by the boundary face between the transparent substrate and the transparent layer so that the first light moves to and is diffracted by a first region of the hologram where the transparent layer is not provided. A second light having a second wavelength is diffracted by a second region of the hologram where the transparent layer is provided.

Abstract: A compound semiconductor thin film is grown on a compound semiconductor surface, which is cleaned by irradiating the surface with gas containing at least hydrogen molecules and by efficiently removing contaminant on the surface at low temperature. A beam containing at least hydrogen molecules is irradiated from a plasma generating room attached to a MBE chamber, and cleans the surface of a compound semiconductor at low temperature. By an additional mechanism attached to the MBE chamber, a compound semiconductor thin film of high quality is grown on the cleaned surface of the compound semiconductor.

Abstract: Nonlinear optical thin-films are disclosed. The nonlinear optical thin-film is comprised of a substrate, superlattice thin films formed separated on the surface of the substrate and a cover thin film of an insulating material or a semiconductor which covers the surface of the substrate on which the superlattice thin films are formed. Each superlattice thin film is formed by depositing two kinds of semiconductors having different band-gap energies alternatively.