Abstract: A cell culture substrate includes: a first layer that includes a first gel in which gold nanoparticles dispersed; and a second layer that includes a second gel in which the gold nanoparticles are not present or are present in a lower concentration in comparison with the first layer.

Abstract: (Subject) To provide a differential magnetic sensor capable of accurate magnetic detection of a local weak magnetic field even when there is a difference in detection sensitivity of a plurality of magnetic sensors used as a differential type magnetic sensor.

Abstract: Provided is a rotary machine in which the output of a magnetic sensor is hardly lowered even if the rotation speed of a rotor becomes high. The rotary machine includes a rotor, a housing, a magnet, and a magnetic sensor. The rotor axially rotates around a rotation axis. The housing is formed of a conductive material and contains the rotor. The magnet is attached to the rotor such that an arrangement direction of a pair of magnetic poles is in a radial direction of the rotor. The magnetic sensor is attached to the housing. The magnetic sensor detects a time variation of a magnetic field generated from the magnet to detect the rotation speed of the rotor. The magnetic sensor is located on the outside than the magnet in the radial direction. The magnetism sensing direction of the magnetic sensor is orthogonal to the radial direction.

Abstract: A magnetic impedance sensor comprises an amorphous wire 1 of a magneto-sensitive material as the magneto-impedance element, a pulse oscillator means 2 that alternately reverses and outputs a basic pulse current and a compensating pulse current with polarity opposite to the basic pulse current in predetermined periods, and a signal processing means 3 that converts an alternate current voltage generated in response to a magnetic field intensity around the amorphous wire by a magnetic impedance effect of the amorphous wire according to the pulse current into a magnetic signal voltage in response to the magnetic field intensity, and outputs the magnetic signal voltage. Since the amorphous wire 1 is repeatedly reversely magnetized in the u and v circumferential directions, due to compensating the negative pulse current, the magnetic sensor with excellent linear characteristics are obtained.

Abstract: A minute magnetic body detecting sensor includes: a magnetic impedance element, with two magneto-sensitive bodies disposed in substantially two-dimensional directions such that an angle formed by respective sensitive axes is substantially 90 degrees; and a signal processing device, including a signal processing circuit, processing and amplifying damped oscillating voltages output by the two magneto-sensitive bodies that detected a local magnetic field due to a minute magnetic body that is a foreign substance, two square operating elements, squaring output signals, an adder, adding the squared signals, and a square root operating element, performing square root computation on the addition output and outputting a square root output, and enables high-precision detection of existence or non-existence of a minute magnetic body without detection overlooking.

Abstract: (Subject) To provide a differential magnetic sensor capable of accurate magnetic detection of a local weak magnetic field even when there is a difference in detection sensitivity of a plurality of magnetic sensors used as a differential type magnetic sensor.

Abstract: An electrical pulse current is supplied to an amorphous wire from a pulse generator, an alternate current voltage whose magnitude is in response to an external magnetic field induced at both ends of a detecting coil wound around the amorphous wire is generated, a positive direct current is applied from a positive power supply by superimposing to the amorphous wire as a bias current so as to produce a bias of magnetization within the amorphous wire and the occurrence of pulse noises is restrained, so as to make it possible to perform high-sensitivity magnetic field detection.

Abstract: A slide part has a surface structure in which there are at least two periodic structures among a first periodic structure with a period of 10 nm to 100 nm inclusive and a depth of 5 nm to 50 nm inclusive, a second periodic structure with a period of 100 nm to 1000 nm inclusive and a depth of 20 nm to 500 nm inclusive, and a third periodic structure with a period of 1000 nm to 10000 nm inclusive and a depth of 100 nm to 3000 nm inclusive, in which one of the at least two periodic structures is formed on the other periodic structure.

Abstract: A slide part has a surface structure in which there are at least two periodic structures among a first periodic structure with a period of 10 nm to 100 nm inclusive and a depth of 5 nm to 50 nm inclusive, a second periodic structure with a period of 100 nm to 1000 nm inclusive and a depth of 20 nm to 500 nm inclusive, and a third periodic structure with a period of 1000 nm to 10000 nm inclusive and a depth of 100 nm to 3000 nm inclusive, in which one of the at least two periodic structures is formed on the other periodic structure.

Abstract: A magnetic field detecting device which comprises a magnetic impedance sensor including a magnetic impedance element 1 in which a pulse electrical current or a high frequency electrical current is applied from an oscillator 2 to an amorphous wire 10 and an alternate current or AC damped oscillation voltage, which is induced in a detecting coil 11 wound around the amorphous wire 10 and has a magnitude corresponding to an external magnetic field, is output, and an arbitrary magnetic field is applied to the amorphous wire by means of the magnetic field generated on the detecting coil 11 energized by connecting the detecting coil 11 to a voltage source or to a current source E through an impedance network 3 comprising of a resistor R or a coil L or a condenser C or comprising a combination of the resistor R, the coil L, and the condenser C.

Abstract: A slide part has a surface structure in which there are at least two periodic structures among a first periodic structure with a period of 10 nm to 100 nm inclusive and a depth of 5 nm to 50 nm inclusive, a second periodic structure with a period of 100 nm to 1000 nm inclusive and a depth of 20 nm to 500 nm inclusive, and a third periodic structure with a period of 1000 nm to 10000 nm inclusive and a depth of 100 nm to 3000 nm inclusive, in which one of the at least two periodic structures is formed on the other periodic structure.

Abstract: A slide part has a surface structure in which there are at least two periodic structures among a first periodic structure with a period of 10 nm to 100 nm inclusive and a depth of 5 nm to 50 nm inclusive, a second periodic structure with a period of 100 nm to 1000 nm inclusive and a depth of 20 nm to 500 nm inclusive, and a third periodic structure with a period of 1000 nm to 10000 nm inclusive and a depth of 100 nm to 3000 nm inclusive, in which one of the at least two periodic structures is formed on the other periodic structure.

Abstract: A magnetic field detecting device which comprises a magnetic impedance sensor including a magnetic impedance element 1 in which a detecting coil 11 wound around an amorphous wire 10 for detecting and outputting the external magnetic field around the amorphous wire at a rise time and a fall time of the pulse current in case of the pulse current is applied to the amorphous wire and a signal processing device 3 includes two sample-hold circuit 31, 32 for respectively sample-holding the alternate current damped oscillation voltage at the rise time and the fall time of the applied pulse current, wherein the output signal in response to the external magnetic field around the amorphous wire is output based on the detected two alternate current damped oscillation voltages output at the rise time and the fall time of the pulse current.

Abstract: A magnetic impedance sensor comprises an amorphous wire 1 of a magneto-sensitive material as the magneto-impedance element, a pulse oscillator means 2 that alternately reverses and outputs a basic pulse current and a compensating pulse current with polarity opposite to the basic pulse current in predetermined periods, and a signal processing means 3 that converts an alternate current voltage generated in response to a magnetic field intensity around the amorphous wire by a magnetic impedance effect of the amorphous wire according to the pulse current into a magnetic signal voltage in response to the magnetic field intensity, and outputs the magnetic signal voltage. Since the amorphous wire 1 is repeatedly reversely magnetized in the u and v circumferential directions, due to compensating the negative pulse current, the magnetic sensor with excellent linear characteristics are obtained.

Abstract: A vibration wave driving device including a lead-free piezoelectric material that can be driven with high reliability over a wide operating temperature range, an image pickup device including the vibration wave driving device, and an optical apparatus including the vibration wave driving device are provided. The vibration wave driving device generates a vibration wave by applying an AC voltage to a piezoelectric element, and includes the piezoelectric element and a capacitor that satisfy 20[° C.]?T?(Cmax)?T?(Pmax)?75[° C.] and 0.50??(Cc)/?(Cmax)?0.80.

Abstract: To enable fabrication of a precise stamped product having an extremely low surface roughness. Ripples 24 having depths ranging from 10 to 100 nm are formed with periodicities ranging from 100 to 1000 nm on a stamping tool surface that comes into contact with a workpiece material. The ripples 24 have a stripe shape extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of sliding between the stamping tool (die 21) and the workpiece material (the direction of the arrow a). The ripples 24 serve as micro pools. For example, a product that is required to have a surface roughness of the order of several tens of nm or lower can be satisfactorily stamped.

Abstract: A vibration wave driving device including a lead-free piezoelectric material that can be driven with high reliability over a wide operating temperature range, an image pickup device including the vibration wave driving device, and an optical apparatus including the vibration wave driving device are provided. The vibration wave driving device generates a vibration wave by applying an AC voltage to a piezoelectric element, and includes the piezoelectric element and a capacitor that satisfy 20[° C.]?T?(Cmax)?T?(Pmax)?75[° C.] and 0.50??(Cc)/?(Cmax)?0.80.

Abstract: A magnetic field detecting device which comprises a magnetic impedance sensor including a magnetic impedance element 1 in which a detecting coil 11 wound around an amorphous wire 10 for detecting and outputting the external magnetic field around the amorphous wire at a rise time and a fall time of the pulse current in case of the pulse current is applied to the amorphous wire and a signal processing device 3 includes two sample-hold circuit 31, 32 for respectively sample-holding the alternate current damped oscillation voltage at the rise time and the fall time of the applied pulse current, wherein the output signal in response to the external magnetic field around the amorphous wire is output based on the detected two alternate current damped oscillation voltages output at the rise time and the fall time of the pulse current.

Abstract: A magnetic field detecting device which comprises a magnetic impedance sensor including a magnetic impedance element 1 in which a pulse electrical current or a high frequency electrical current is applied from an oscillator 2 to an amorphous wire 10 and an alternate current or AC damped oscillation voltage, which is induced in a detecting coil 11 wound around the amorphous wire 10 and has a magnitude corresponding to an external magnetic field, is output, and an arbitrary magnetic field is applied to the amorphous wire by means of the magnetic field generated on the detecting coil 11 energized by connecting the detecting coil 11 to a voltage source or to a current source E through an impedance network 3 comprising of a resistor R or a coil L or a condenser C or comprising a combination of the resistor R, the coil L, and the condenser C.

Abstract: The average roughness Ra of a mold tool surface that comes into contact with a material to be molded measured for a measurement area 10 ?m square or smaller is equal to or lower than 5 nm, and fine granular projection structures having diameters ranging from 10 to 80 nm and heights ranging from 10 to 40 nm are formed on the mold tool surface with a density of 400/?m2 or higher. The frictional force due to the anchoring effect or the digging effect is reduced, and the adhesive force due to meniscus is also reduced. The release resistance is significantly reduced without affecting the dimensional precision of a fine molded product.