Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly includes a cathode catalyst layer, an anode catalyst layer, an electrolyte layer disposed between the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer and an intermediate layer disposed between the anode catalyst layer and the electrolyte layer. The intermediate layer includes a carrier with an insulating property, and a recombination catalyst supported on the carrier with the insulating property.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification catalyst including an alkaline-earth metal carried on a porous carrier in a highly dispersed state. The catalyst layer of the exhaust gas purification catalyst has an alkaline-earth metal carrying region including a porous carrier, Pt, and a sulfuric acid salt of at least one alkaline-earth metal carried on the porous carrier, wherein a value of RAe/Pt is 0.5 or more, where RAe/Pt represents the Pearson's correlation coefficient calculated using ? and ? in each pixel obtained by, for a cross section of the region, performing the area analysis by FE-EPMA under the conditions of: pixel size 0.34 ?m×0.34 ?m; and number of measured pixels 256×256; and measuring an intensity (?: cps) of a characteristic X ray of an element (Ae) of the alkaline-earth metal and an intensity (?: cps) of a characteristic X ray of Pt for each pixel.

Abstract: A catalyst layer includes an electrode catalyst and an ionomer. The electrode catalyst includes: tin oxide-based particles having a structure (connected structure) in which porous primary particles are connected to each other in a bead shape and having a specific surface area of 30 m2/g or more; and Pt-based fine particles supported on the surface of the tin oxide-based particles. The conductivity of a green compact composed of the tin oxide-based particles is desirably 1×10?3 S/cm or more. As the tin oxide-based particles, those composed of Sb-doped SnO2 and having a specific surface area of 90 m2/g or more and a pore diameter of 5 nm or more and 8 nm or less are desired.

Abstract: A water electrolysis cell includes a proton-conducting electrolyte membrane, an anode catalyst layer laminated on one face of the electrolyte membrane, and a cathode catalyst layer laminated on another face of the electrolyte membrane. At least one of the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer includes, in an in-plane direction of the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer, a portion with a high density of catalyst and a portion with a lower density of the catalyst than the portion with a high density.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification catalyst including an alkaline-earth metal carried on a porous carrier in a highly dispersed state. The catalyst layer of the exhaust gas purification catalyst has an alkaline-earth metal carrying region including a porous carrier, Pt, and a sulfuric acid salt of at least one alkaline-earth metal carried on the porous carrier, wherein a value of RAe/Pt is 0.5 or more, where RAe/Pt represents the Pearson's correlation coefficient calculated using ? and ? in each pixel obtained by, for a cross section of the region, performing the area analysis by FE-EPMA under the conditions of: pixel size 0.34 ?m×0.34 ?m; and number of measured pixels 256×256; and measuring an intensity (?: cps) of a characteristic X ray of an element (Ae) of the alkaline-earth metal and an intensity (?: cps) of a characteristic X ray of Pt for each pixel.

Abstract: An apparatus for diagnosing deterioration of an NOx storage-reduction catalyst for purifying an exhaust gas discharged from an internal engine, including an intake air amount detection unit for detecting an intake air amount to the internal combustion engine, an exhaust gas temperature detection unit for detecting the temperature of an exhaust gas passing through the NOx storage-reduction catalyst, an NOx purification rate detection unit for detecting NOx in an exhaust gas flowing into the NOx storage-reduction catalyst and in an exhaust gas flowing out of the NOx storage-reduction catalyst, thereby detecting an NOx purification rate, and a diagnostic unit for, when the temperature of the exhaust gas passing through the NOx storage-reduction catalyst increases following an increase in the intake air flow rate to the internal combustion engine and in turn, the temperature of the NOx storage-reduction catalyst greatly increases over a first predetermined threshold value, calculating a difference in the NOx puri

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide an exhaust gas purification catalyst device; an exhaust gas purification system; and a method for detecting deterioration of the above device. The exhaust gas purification catalyst device includes a substrate, a first catalyst layer containing Pd and formed on the substrate, and a second catalyst layer formed on the first layer. Regarding the above device, ceria, Pd, and Rh are contained in a mixed state in the second layer; in the first and second layers, the total mass of ceria having a fluorite-type structure per 1 L volume of the substrate is 16.0 g or less; and in the second layer, the mass of Pd per 1 L volume of the substrate is 0.32 g or more.

Abstract: An apparatus for diagnosing deterioration of an NOx storage-reduction catalyst for purifying an exhaust gas discharged from an internal engine, including an intake air amount detection unit for detecting an intake air amount to the internal combustion engine, an exhaust gas temperature detection unit for detecting the temperature of an exhaust gas passing through the NOx storage-reduction catalyst, an NOx purification rate detection unit for detecting NOx in an exhaust gas flowing into the NOx storage-reduction catalyst and in an exhaust gas flowing out of the NOx storage-reduction catalyst, thereby detecting an NOx purification rate, and a diagnostic unit for, when the temperature of the exhaust gas passing through the NOx storage-reduction catalyst increases following an increase in the intake air flow rate to the internal combustion engine and in turn, the temperature of the NOx storage-reduction catalyst greatly increases over a first predetermined threshold value, calculating a difference in the NOx puri

Abstract: Exhaust gas purification device having a catalyst layer including an Rh—Ba-loaded catalyst, and a Pt/Pd—Ba-loaded catalyst. The exhaust gas purification device satisfies at least one of (a) the degree of Rh—Ba dispersion is greater than 0.001 and less than 1.000, (b) the loaded amount of Ba based on the weight of a first carrier particle in the Rh—Ba-loaded catalyst is greater than 0.01% by weight and less than 10.00% by weight, and the loaded amount of Ba based on the weight of a second carrier particle in the Pt/Pd—Ba-loaded catalyst is 10.00% by weight to 20.00% by weight, and (c) the loaded amount of Ba based on the weight of the first carrier particle in Rh—Ba-loaded catalyst is greater than 0.005 times to less than 0.800 times the loaded amount of Ba based on the weight of the second carrier particle in Pt/Pd—Ba-loaded catalyst.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide an exhaust gas purification catalyst device; an exhaust gas purification system; and a method for detecting deterioration of the above device. The exhaust gas purification catalyst device includes a substrate, a first catalyst layer containing Pd and formed on the substrate, and a second catalyst layer formed on the first layer. Regarding the above device, ceria, Pd, and Rh are contained in a mixed state in the second layer; in the first and second layers, the total mass of ceria having a fluorite-type structure per 1 L volume of the substrate is 16.0 g or less; and in the second layer, the mass of Pd per 1 L volume of the substrate is 0.32 g or more.

Abstract: Exhaust gas purification device having a catalyst layer including an Rh—Ba-loaded catalyst, and a Pt/Pd—Ba-loaded catalyst. The exhaust gas purification device satisfies at least one of (a) the degree of Rh—Ba dispersion is greater than 0.001 and less than 1.000, (b) the loaded amount of Ba based on the weight of a first carrier particle in the Rh—Ba-loaded catalyst is greater than 0.01% by weight and less than 10.00% by weight, and the loaded amount of Ba based on the weight of a second carrier particle in the Pt/Pd—Ba-loaded catalyst is 10.00% by weight to 20.00% by weight, and (c) the loaded amount of Ba based on the weight of the first carrier particle in Rh—Ba-loaded catalyst is greater than 0.005 times to less than 0.800 times the loaded amount of Ba based on the weight of the second carrier particle in Pt/Pd—Ba-loaded catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst system for exhaust gas purification which comprises a first-stage base metal catalyst located upstream and a second-stage base metal catalyst located downstream, wherein the first-stage base metal catalyst comprises at least one oxide support selected from the group consisting of alumina, ceria, zirconia, yttria, and titania and Cu metal and/or a Cu oxide supported thereon, and in cases where the amount of NOx in the exhaust gas has become or exceeded an NOx criterion, the state of the exhaust gas is switched from slightly rich to rich.

Abstract: A catalyst support for purification of exhaust gas includes a porous composite metal oxide, the porous composite metal oxide containing alumina, ceria, and zirconia and having an alumina content ratio of from 5 to 80% by mass, wherein after calcination in the air at 1100° C. for 5 hours, the porous composite metal oxide satisfies a condition such that standard deviations of content ratios (as at % unit) of aluminum, cerium and zirconium elements are each 19 or less with respect to 100 minute areas (with one minute area being 300 nm in length×330 nm in width) of the porous composite metal oxide, the standard deviation being determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy using a scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with a spherical aberration corrector.

Abstract: A ceria-zirconia base composite oxide contains a composite oxide of ceria and zirconia. In the ceria-zirconia base composite oxide, a content ratio between cerium and zirconium in the composite oxide is in a range from 43:57 to 48:52 in terms of molar ratio ([cerium]:[zirconium]). An intensity ratio of a diffraction line at 2?=14.5° to a diffraction line at 2?=29° {I(14/29) value} and an intensity ratio of a diffraction line at 2?=28.5° to the diffraction line at 2?=29° {I(28/29) value}, which are calculated from an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by an X-ray diffraction measurement using CuKa after heating under a temperature condition of 1100° C. in air for 5 hours, respectively satisfy the following conditions: I(14/29) value?0.015, and I(28/29) value?0.08.

Abstract: Provided is an exhaust purification system for an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An exhaust gas control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a NOx purification catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine and carrying a first catalyst metal on a first catalyst carrier, an oxidation catalyst disposed in the downstream exhaust passage of the NOx purification catalyst and carrying second catalyst metals including a base metal on a second catalyst carrier, an air introduction apparatus introducing air into an upstream of the oxidation catalyst, and a temperature detector detecting a temperature of the oxidation catalyst. When an oxidation catalyst temperature is a predetermined temperature or lower, an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas into the oxidation catalyst is controlled to a more fuel lean ratio than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. When the oxidation catalyst temperature exceeds the predetermined temperature, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas into the oxidation catalyst is controlled to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: A catalyst support for purification of exhaust gas includes a porous composite metal oxide, the porous composite metal oxide containing alumina, ceria, and zirconia and having an alumina content ratio of from 5 to 80% by mass, wherein after calcination in the air at 1100° C. for 5 hours, the porous composite metal oxide satisfies a condition such that standard deviations of content ratios (as at % unit) of aluminum, cerium and zirconium elements are each 19 or less with respect to 100 minute areas (with one minute area being 300 nm in length×330 nm in width) of the porous composite metal oxide, the standard deviation being determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy using a scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with a spherical aberration corrector.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exhaust gas purification device of an internal combustion engine comprising a catalyst (45) having an active element and a composite oxidation which carries the active element in an exhaust passage (40), the active element transforming into the composite oxide as a solid solution when the catalyst temperature is higher than or equal to a predetermined solid solution temperature and the atmosphere of the interior of the catalyst is an oxidation atmosphere and the active element precipitating from the composite oxide when the catalyst temperature is higher than or equal to a predetermined precipitation temperature and the atmosphere of the interior of the catalyst is a reduction atmosphere.

Abstract: A catalyst system for exhaust gas purification which comprises a first-stage base metal catalyst located upstream and a second-stage base metal catalyst located downstream, wherein the first-stage base metal catalyst comprises at least one oxide support selected from the group consisting of alumina, ceria, zirconia, yttria, and titania and Cu metal and/or a Cu oxide supported thereon, and in cases where the amount of NOx in the exhaust gas has become or exceeded an NOx criterion, the state of the exhaust gas is switched from slightly rich to rich.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exhaust gas purification device of an internal combustion engine comprising a catalyst (45) having an active element and a composite oxidation which carries the active element in an exhaust passage (40), the active element transforming into the composite oxide as a solid solution when the catalyst temperature is higher than or equal to a predetermined solid solution temperature and the atmosphere of the interior of the catalyst is an oxidation atmosphere and the active element precipitating from the composite oxide when the catalyst temperature is higher than or equal to a predetermined precipitation temperature and the atmosphere of the interior of the catalyst is a reduction atmosphere.