Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator includes a resonator configured to resonate with an initial oscillation frequency during starting period of oscillation and a steady oscillation frequency during a steady state oscillation. The resonator includes a film bulk acoustic resonator having a series resonance frequency higher than the steady oscillation frequency. A negative resistance circuit configured to drive the resonator, has a positive increment for reactance in the steady state oscillation compared with reactance in the starting period.

Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator includes a resonator configured to resonate with an initial oscillation frequency during starting period of oscillation and a steady oscillation frequency during a steady state oscillation. The resonator includes a film bulk acoustic resonator having a series resonance frequency higher than the steady oscillation frequency. A negative resistance circuit configured to drive the resonator, has a positive increment for reactance in the steady state oscillation compared with reactance in the starting period.

Abstract: In a multiroom air-conditioning apparatus, refrigerant flow between plural outdoor side units is controlled so that abnormality (lack or excess) of refrigerant amount in an outdoor side unit in operation is redressed. For example, when surplus refrigerant exists in an outdoor side unit, the refrigerant flow is so controlled that the surplus refrigerant is pushed out (flow out) into an outdoor side unit in non-operation. In addition, the output of the air-conditioning apparatus is smoothly variable (controllable) in accordance with an air-conditioning load over the whole air-conditioning load range from the minimum (zero) load to the maximum load.

Abstract: A transfer system for moving workpieces between a plurality of processing stations in sequential order. A pair of guide rails extend in a workpiece transferring direction on opposed sides of the stations and are movable up and down by a driving mechanism. A plurality of arm carriages are movable along the guide rails and are joined to one another by longitudinally extending connecting bars. A plurality of handling arms extend laterally between opposed pairs of the carriages. All of the arm carriages are moved as a group by a carriage driving mechanism. Auxiliary guide rails can be fixed to the carriages extending in parallel with the main guide rails. The handling arms can be movable longitudinally along the auxiliary guide rails. Rack and pinion mechanisms can be mounted on the arm carriages and the handling arms and interconnected with each other so as to drive each pair of arms in opposite directions.