Abstract: A control device for a human-powered vehicle includes an electronic controller. The human-powered vehicle includes a motor that applies a propulsion force to the human-powered vehicle and a transmission that shifts a transmission ratio of the human-powered vehicle between a plurality of shift stages. The electronic controller is configured to control the motor. The electronic controller is configured to decrease an upper limit value of an output of the motor in an up-shift operation. The electronic controller is configured to decrease the upper limit value in a down-shift operation. The electronic controller is configured to control the motor so that the upper limit value in the up-shift operation performed between two predetermined ones of the shift stages that differ in the transmission ratio by one stage differs from the upper limit value in the down-shift operation performed between the two predetermined ones of the shift stages.

Abstract: A control function formula which provides a relationship between an output voltage signal Vo and an output differential value with, for example, a negative linear function is defined in a calculation means. The calculation means samples an input voltage signal, an output voltage signal and an output differential signal at time instants in synchronization with a cycle of switching of a main switching element, and calculates subsequent ON and OFF durations of the main switching elements such that the control function formula might be satisfied. A drive pulse generation means generates a drive pulse with which the main switching element is turned on and off based on the ON and OFF durations determined by the calculation means. The output differential signal is generated by, for example, a capacitor current detection means or an observer device which detect a current of a smoothing capacitor.

Abstract: A control function formula which provides a relationship between an output voltage signal Vo and an output differential value with, for example, a negative linear function is defined in a calculation means. The calculation means samples an input voltage signal, an output voltage signal and an output differential signal at time instants in synchronization with a cycle of switching of a main switching element, and calculates subsequent ON and OFF durations of the main switching elements such that the control function formula might be satisfied. A drive pulse generation means generates a drive pulse with which the main switching element is turned on and off based on the ON and OFF durations determined by the calculation means. The output differential signal is generated by, for example, a capacitor current detection means or an observer device which detect a current of a smoothing capacitor.

Abstract: A core for casting titanium or an alloy thereof consists essentially of a sintered formed substrate of a powder having as its main component either mullite powder alone or a combination of mullite powder and at least one member selected from among quartz glass, alumina, zircon, magnesia, and cristobalite and a surface layer formed of at least one member selected from among yttria, zirconia, hafnia, alumina, neodymium oxide, and samarium oxide and deposited as a coating layer on the surface of the formed substrate.

Abstract: A gold alloy for black coloring comprising gold and at least one coloring metallic element selected from the group consisting of Cu, Fe, Co, and Ti, a gold alloy for black coloring having the composition described above and further comprising at least one alloying element selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, Os, Ag, and Ni; a method for the production of a processed article of gold alloy possessing a black surface layer by the steps of shaping the gold alloy mentioned above, heat-treating the shaped gold alloy, and cooling; and processed article of gold alloy obtained by the method.

Abstract: An investment shell mold of a texture having a stucco material dispersed in mullite useful for grain-oriented casting of a Ni-base super alloy is produced by preparing a slurry having alumina powder or a mixture of alumina powder with at least one ceramic powder selected from among zircon powder, mullite powder, and spinel powder blended with a silicate binder such as silica sol, applying the slurry to the surface of an expendable pattern made typically of wax for the production of the mold, then applying thereon a stucco material, thereafter repetitively applying substantially equal slurry and stucco material alternately thereon until the applied layers assume a prescribed thickness, allowing the applied layers to solidify, then heating the hardened layers to a temperature exceeding 1,400.degree. C. thereby enabling SiO.sub.2 produced from the binder and the alumina powder in the slurry to react with each other and produce mullite.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of an investment shell mold is disclosed which comprises applying to the surface of a wax pattern at least one layer of slurry formed by dissolving in an organic solvent a soluble organic cellulose derivative containing a dispersed metallic oxide, subsequenty applying to the first layer at least one layer of slurry formed by mixing a refractory powder with a cellulose binder, and thereafter causing the applied slurry layers to set and removing the pattern by the ordinary method.