Abstract: An information processing device includes processing circuitry configured to determine whether or not there is integrity in predetermined data regarding a boot sequence of an Operating System (OS) during execution of shutdown of the OS, arid suspend shutdown of the OS when it is determined that there is no integrity in the predetermined data.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing a method for producing nicotinamide mononucleotide, that produces nicotinamide mononucleotide using a single enzyme and using nucleoside monophosphate, pyrophosphate, and nicotinamide as starting materials. This problem is solved by a nicotinamide mononucleotide production method that includes at least the following steps 1) and 2): 1) a first step of producing phosphoribosyl diphosphate by the action of substantially one enzyme on nucleoside monophosphate and pyrophosphate; and 2) a second step of producing nicotinamide mononucleotide by the action of only substantially the aforementioned one enzyme on nicotinamide and the phosphoribosyl diphosphate that is the product of the first step.

Abstract: In a supercharged 4-cycle engine including an intake passage connecting a fuel-air mixture forming section to a crank chamber, and a supercharging chamber connecting the crank chamber through an intake port to a combustion chamber, wherein when a piston is reciprocated to change a volume of the crank chamber, a fuel-air mixture is sucked from the intake passage into the crank chamber, and the fuel-air mixture compressed in the crank chamber is discharged into the supercharging chamber; a space accommodating a valve operating mechanism inclusive of a rocker arm is communicated with the supercharging chamber. Accordingly, even when a volume of the supercharging chamber itself is small, a supercharging volume 10-20 times a displacement of the engine can be substantially ensured.