Abstract: A towing hook mounting structure for a vehicle comprises a bumper reinforcement extending in a width direction of the vehicle and including a front surface, a back surface, a top surface and an under surface, a hook mounting member to which a towing hook is fixed, a mechanical fastening means for fastening the bumper reinforcement and the hook mounting member on at least one of the top surface or the under surface of the bumper reinforcement a bumper engaging portion formed on the bumper reinforcement so as to protrude toward the back surface of the bumper reinforcement, a hook engaging portion formed on the hook mounting member protruding toward a front surface of the hook mounting member so as to be engaged with the bumper engaging portion, and a contacting portion formed on the hook mounting member so as to make contact with the back surface of the bumper reinforcement.

Abstract: A towing hook mounting structure for a vehicle comprises a bumper reinforcement extending in a width direction of the vehicle and including a front surface, a back surface, a top surface and an under surface, a hook mounting member to which a towing hook is fixed, a mechanical fastening means for fastening the bumper reinforcement and the hook mounting member on at least one of the top surface or the under surface of the bumper reinforcement a bumper engaging portion formed on the bumper reinforcement so as to protrude toward the back surface of the bumper reinforcement, a hook engaging portion formed on the hook mounting member protruding toward a front surface of the hook mounting member so as to be engaged with the bumper engaging portion, and a contacting portion formed on the hook mounting member so as to make contact with the back surface of the bumper reinforcement.

Abstract: According to the current invention, a bumper apparatus for vehicle comprises a bumper reinforcement made of an extruded aluminum base alloy material being formed in cross-section having two separated vertical portions, an upper horizontal rib, an intermediate horizontal rib, and a lower horizontal rib provided therebetween, each end of the upper, intermediate and lower horizontal ribs are connected to upper portions, middle portions and lower portions of the vertical portions respectively. In this configuration, the thickness of the intermediate rib is thicker than the thicknesses of the upper rib and the lower rib to make the upper rib and the lower rib be buckled to deform earlier than the intermediate rib when load is applied to the bumper apparatus, and the thickness of the intermediate rib is not more than to make a strength of the bumper apparatus be over a vehicle body tolerable force.

Abstract: According to the current invention, a bumper apparatus for vehicle comprises a bumper reinforcement made of an extruded aluminum base alloy material being formed in cross-section having two separated vertical portions, an upper horizontal rib, an intermediate horizontal rib, and a lower horizontal rib provided therebetween, each end of the upper, intermediate and lower horizontal ribs are connected to upper portions, middle portions and lower portions of the vertical portions respectively. In this configuration, the thickness of the intermediate rib is thicker than the thicknesses of the upper rib and the lower rib to make the upper rib and the lower rib be buckled to deform earlier than the intermediate rib when load is applied to the bumper apparatus, and the thickness of the intermediate rib is not more than to make a strength of the bumper apparatus be over a vehicle body tolerable force.

Abstract: To promote a function of absorbing impact energy produced by deforming a reinforcement member, at bond portions of a reinforcement member (10) intersecting with a front and a rear wall portion (11, 12) and an upper and a lower wall portion (13, 14), there are provided circular arc faces on outer sides of the bond portions having radii of curvature R1 are larger than radii of curvature R2 of circular arc faces on inner sides thereof.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a sheet-shaped solid electrolyte which exhibits ion conductivity, a fuel electrode to which is supplied fuel functioning as a negative electrode active material, and an oxygen electrode to which is supplied oxygen functioning as a positive electrode active material. The fuel electrode is positioned on one surface of the solid electrolyte while the oxygen electrode is positioned on the opposite surface of the solid electrolyte. A fuel electrode electricity collector has a plurality of first projection portions that contact the surface of the fuel electrode that faces away from the solid electrolyte. As a result, a plurality of fuel passages are formed through which fuel is to be passed. An oxygen electrode electricity collector has a plurality of second projecting portions that contact the surface of the oxygen electrode facing away from these solid electrolyte. As a result, a plurality of oxygen passages are formed through which oxygen is to be passed.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a sheet-shaped solid electrolyte having opposite surfaces, and exhibiting ion conductivity, a plurality of fuel electrodes disposed adjacent to each other on one of the opposite surfaces of the solid electrolyte, to which fuel working as a negative electrode active material is supplied, a plurality of oxygen electrodes disposed adjacent to each other on the other one of the opposite surfaces of the solid electrolyte, to which oxygen working as a positive electrode active material is supplied, the fuel electrodes being electrically connected to the oxygen electrodes in series. The fuel cell is downsized and lightweighted, but can produce a high voltage output, because a plurality of fuel and oxygen electrodes are disposed on one cell. A plurality of the cells can laminated so as to face the same electrodes of the neighboring cells. The cell can further include an electricity collector, a cooling member, or a separator which is laminated on at least one of the fuel and oxygen electrodes.