Abstract: The present invention is a method of pickling of steel plate which contains silicon comprising applying ultrasonic waves of at least two types of frequencies of 28.0 kHz or more to less than 1.0 MHz to an acidic cleaning solution which contains microbubbles and, in that state, dipping the steel plate which contains silicon in that cleaning solution. The present invention is a continuous pickling system of steel plate which contains silicon which is provided with at least a support part which supports the steel plate, a conveyor which makes the steel plate move, and a pickling tank which pickles the steel plate, wherein the pickling tank has means for feeding microbubbles and means for applying ultrasonic waves of at least two types of frequencies of 28.0 kHz or more to less than 1.0 MHz.

Abstract: [Object] To increase contact conductivity with carbon and durability of a titanium or titanium alloy material for a fuel cell separator so as to increase the lifetime of a fuel cell. [Solution] Provided is a titanium or titanium alloy material for a fuel cell separator having a surface shape in which a plurality of projections are distributed, and a titanium oxide film on a surface of the projections. Fine projections are assumed to increase the contact conductivity remarkably. The present invention has high usability in the cell manufacturing industry.

Abstract: [Object] To increase contact conductivity with carbon and durability of a titanium or titanium alloy material for a fuel cell separator so as to increase the lifetime of a fuel cell. [Solution] Provided is a titanium or titanium alloy material for a fuel cell separator having a surface shape in which a plurality of projections are distributed, and a titanium oxide film on a surface of the projections. Fine projections are assumed to increase the contact conductivity remarkably. The present invention has high usability in the cell manufacturing industry.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a titanium or titanium alloy material for a separator of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell having high contact conductivity with carbon and high durability. [Solution] The titanium or titanium alloy material includes an oxide film formed on a titanium or titanium alloy substrate by stabilization treatment performed after passivation treatment, and one or more kinds of conductive materials selected from carbide, nitride, carbonitride, and boride of tantalum, titanium, vanadium, zirconium, and chromium, the conductive materials being dispersed in the oxide film and having a major axis diameter from 1 nm to 100 nm. A contact resistance value with a carbon paper is 20 m?·cm2 or less at a surface pressure of 10 kgf/cm2 before and after an accelerated deterioration test in which the titanium or titanium alloy material is immersed in a sulfuric acid aqueous solution having an adjusted pH of 4 at 80° C. for four days.

Abstract: A rotationally-operated input device includes the following elements: (a) a magnetized cylindrical rotary magnet; (b) an operating shaft having the rotary magnet inserted and held thereon; (c) an upper case and a lower case for sandwiching the operating shaft therebetween rotatably; (d) an insulating substrate for fixing and holding the lower case; (e) a detection element mounted on the insulating substrate, for detecting rotation of the rotary magnet in a non-contact manner; and (f) a fixed magnet for generating an attractive and repulsive force between the fixed magnet and the rotary magnet. This structure allows detection of a rotation state of the operating shaft and provides click-feeling at rotating operation, in a non-contact manner. Thus a long-life small rotationally-operated input device can be provided.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of pickling of steel plate which contains silicon comprising applying ultrasonic waves of at least two types of frequencies of 28.0 kHz or more to less than 1.0 MHz to an acidic cleaning solution which contains microbubbles and, in that state, dipping the steel plate which contains silicon in that cleaning solution. The present invention is a continuous pickling system of steel plate which contains silicon which is provided with at least a support part which supports the steel plate, a conveyor which makes the steel plate move, and a pickling tank which pickles the steel plate, wherein the pickling tank has means for feeding microbubbles and means for applying ultrasonic waves of at least two types of frequencies of 28.0 kHz or more to less than 1.0 MHz.

Abstract: A rotary input device includes a circular ring shaped operation body, a magnetic first guide plate fixed to the bottom of the operation body, movable magnets disposed on the bottom of a first flat plane of the first guide plate concentrically with the operation body, a base for rotatably supporting the operation body from beneath, a detection element for detecting a change in magnetic field from the movable contacts due to rotating operation of the operation body without making contact, and a magnetic second guide plate fixed to the base having a plurality of second flat planes opposite to the position of the movable magnets so as to be opposite to each one of the movable magnets. The movable magnets face to or depart from each one of the second flat planes of the second guide plate depending on the rotation of the operation body.

Abstract: At both of the upper and lower faces of flange section (24A) of rotation body (24) rotatably retained between lower case (21) and upper case (23) opposed to each other via inner case (22), inner concavo-convex section (25) and outer concavo-convex section (26) are provided at point-symmetric positions on concentric circles of an inner circumference-side circle and an outer circumference-side circle. Inner elastic contact projection (27C) and outer elastic contact projection (27D) of double ring-like click spring (27) respectively elastically contact inner concavo-convex section (25) and outer concavo-convex section (26) respectively corresponding to both of the upper and lower faces of flange section (24A), thereby providing a clear click feeling and a high click degree.

Abstract: A rotary encoder includes a case made of insulating resin, a rotatable operation shaft, a slidable brush fixed to the operation shaft, and a signal contact embedded in a surface of the case. The slidable brush has a contacting section slidable on a surface of the case on a predetermined circumference according to a rotation of the operation shaft. The signal contact has an upper surface flush with the surface of the case, a first side surface connected to the upper surface at a first corner having a right angle, a second side surface connected to the upper surface at a second corner having a right angle, and a lower surface opposite to the upper surface. The first and side surfaces are positioned on the predetermined circumference. The lower surface has a width smaller than a width of the upper surface. This rotary encoder has a small size and outputs a signal precisely.

Abstract: A metal substrate is embedded in a diffusion and penetration processing agent containing metal oxide, active metal and catalytic compound and heat treatment is carried out, so that an oxidation resistant alloy coating film containing the metal constituting the metal oxide and the active metal is produced. Al2O3, Cr2O3, SiO2 or the like are used as the metal oxide, Hf, Zr, Y, Ti, La, Ce, Mg, Ca or the like are used as the active metal, and NH4Cl, NH4F, HCl, NaCl, NaF or the like are used as the catalytic compound. The metal substrate is Ni, Ni-based alloy, Fe-based alloy, and Co-based alloy. Heat treatment is carried out, for example, at a temperature of 700˜1340° C. for 1 minute˜25 hours in an atmosphere of inert gas or hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A rotary electronic component is capable of preventing misalignment of another component placed in its hollow portion and maintaining the quality of an electronic device on which to mount the rotary electronic component. The rotary electronic component has an approximately annular shape with a hollow portion. The other component placed inside the hollow portion is positioned by the positioning member formed inside the hollow portion.

Abstract: A variable resistor includes a resistor element having a first end and a second end, a slider sliding on the resistor element, an adjustable resistor portion having a first end connected to the first end of the resistor element and having a second end, a first terminal connected to the second end of the adjustable resistor portion, a second terminal electrically coupled to the second end of the resistor element, and a third terminal connected to the slider. The adjustable resistor portion is positioned outside of the sliding range of the slider. This variable resistor outputs a precise resistance having s small variation from a predetermined resistance.

Abstract: A rotationally-operated input device includes the following elements: (a) a magnetized cylindrical rotary magnet; (b) an operating shaft having the rotary magnet inserted and held thereon; (c) an upper case and a lower case for sandwiching the operating shaft therebetween rotatably; (d) an insulating substrate for fixing and holding the lower case; (e) a detection element mounted on the insulating substrate, for detecting rotation of the rotary magnet in a non-contact manner; and (f) a fixed magnet for generating an attractive and repulsive force between the fixed magnet and the rotary magnet. This structure allows detection of a rotation state of the operating shaft and provides click-feeling at rotating operation, in a non-contact manner. Thus a long-life small rotationally-operated input device can be provided.

Abstract: A rotary encoder includes a case made of insulating resin, a rotatable operation shaft, a slidable brush fixed to the operation shaft, and a signal contact embedded in a surface of the case. The slidable brush has a contacting section sliding on a surface of the case on a predetermined circumference according to a rotation of the operation shaft. The signal contact has an upper surface flush with the surface of the case, a first side surface connected to the upper surface at a first corner having a right angle, a second side surface connected to the upper surface at a second corner having a right angle, and a lower surface opposite to the upper surface. The first and side surfaces are positioned on the predetermined circumference. The lower surface has a width smaller than a width of the upper surface. This rotary encoder has a small size and outputs a signal precisely.

Abstract: At both of the upper and lower faces of flange section (24A) of rotation body (24) rotatably retained between lower case (21) and upper case (23) opposed to each other via inner case (22), inner concavo-convex section (25) and outer concavo-convex section (26) are provided at point-symmetric positions on concentric circles of an inner circumference-side circle and an outer circumference-side circle. Inner elastic contact projection (27C) and outer elastic contact projection (27D) of double ring-like click spring (27) respectively elastically contact inner concavo-convex section (25) and outer concavo-convex section (26) respectively corresponding to both of the upper and lower faces of flange section (24A), thereby providing a clear click feeling and a high click degree.

Abstract: Including an operation body of circular ring shape, a first guide plate of magnetic body fixed to the downside of the operation body, a plurality of movable magnets disposed on the downside of a first flat plane of the first guide plate concentrically with the operation body, a base for rotatably supporting the operation body from beneath, a detection element for detecting a change in magnetic field from the movable contacts due to rotating operation of the operation body without making contact, and a second guide plate of a magnetic body fixed to the base having a plurality of second flat planes opposite to the disposing position of the movable magnets so as to be opposite to each one of the movable magnets, the plurality of movable magnets face to or depart from each one of the second flat planes of the second guide plate depending on the rotation of the operation body. Hence, a rotary operation type input device having a clear click feel can be obtained at low cost and in thin type.

Abstract: Rotary body 22 is provided with storing hole 22E, 22F in two positions point-symmetrical to the rotational center at the upper part of flange 22C, and retainers 26, 27 having steel balls 25A, 25B, steel ball receiving holes 26A, 27A, coil springs 28A, 28B are stored therein from the opening side in order, and steel ball receiving hole 26A of one retainer 26 is provided with a tolerance that enables steel ball 25A to slightly move in the horizontal direction, and click plate 24 on which steel balls 25A, 25B are resiliently contacted is disposed between rotary body 22 and bearing 23, and as a result, it is possible to maintain rhythmical clicking and clicking sound even in case of repeating the rotating operation.

Abstract: A rotationally-operated electronic component in which a predetermined signal is obtained by rotating a roller-shaped operating dial, and a detent generating mechanism can easily be disposed even when the diameter of the operating dial is reduced. The rotationally-operated electronic component is configured in such a manner that the detent generating mechanism for the operating dial is stored within a recess formed on the left circular portion with coil spring being deflected, and with an urging force of coil spring, movable clicking member is brought into resilient contact with fixed clicking member on the outside thereof. Accordingly, even when the diameter of the operating dial is reduced, the detent generating mechanism can be disposed easily and the preferable detent feeling can be maintained for a long time.

Abstract: In a rotary encoder, a range of operable angle is divided into four large sections. A plurality of signal contact shoes come into contact with signal conductive portions in different combinations at individual positions within each of the large sections, and these states of contacting combinations repeat in each of the large sections. A plurality of common contact shoes correspond individually to four large sections, and each remains in contact with a common conductive portion continuously in the corresponding large section.

Abstract: Rotary body 22 is provided with storing hole 22E, 22F in two positions point-symmetrical to the rotational center at the upper part of flange 22C, and retainers 26, 27 having steel balls 25A, 25B, steel ball receiving holes 26A, 27A, coil springs 28A, 28B are stored therein from the opening side in order, and steel ball receiving hole 26A of one retainer 26 is provided with a tolerance that enables steel ball 25A to slightly move in the horizontal direction, and click plate 24 on which steel balls 25A, 25B are resiliently contacted is disposed between rotary body 22 and bearing 23, and as a result, it is possible to maintain rhythmical clicking and clicking sound even in case of repeating the rotating operation.