Abstract: A light transmissive element includes a light transmissive area. The element includes transparent substrates including respective transparent conductive films on respective surfaces thereof. The element has a structure in which the transparent substrates are disposed so as to face each other across a gap with the transparent conductive films facing each other and the gap is filled with an electrolyte. The electrolyte contains a metal ion and is prepared so as to allow the metal ion to be reversibly deposited on a surface of a transparent conductive film via electrodeposition according to a state of applied voltage between the transparent conductive film and the transparent conductive film. In the light transmissive area, a dividing line is formed in the transparent conductive film. The transparent conductive film includes divisional areas in the light transmissive area, the divisional areas being electrically insulated from each other by the dividing line.

Abstract: A light transmissive element includes a light transmissive area. The element includes transparent substrates including respective transparent conductive films on respective surfaces thereof. The element has a structure in which the transparent substrates are disposed so as to face each other across a gap with the transparent conductive films facing each other and the gap is filled with an electrolyte. The electrolyte contains a metal ion and is prepared so as to allow the metal ion to be reversibly deposited on a surface of a transparent conductive film via electrodeposition according to a state of applied voltage between the transparent conductive film and the transparent conductive film. In the light transmissive area, a dividing line is formed in the transparent conductive film. The transparent conductive film includes divisional areas in the light transmissive area, the divisional areas being electrically insulated from each other by the dividing line.

Abstract: In a waiting period in which a transmission state of an electrodeposition element is held to be a predetermined transmission state such as a full-transmission state, based on a frequency, a duty ratio, a first voltage and a second voltage set in advance, a transmittance holding pulse generating section generates a pattern of a transmittance holding pulse having a cycle corresponding to the frequency and continuously outputs the pattern of the transmittance holding pulse to the electrodeposition element. In a light reduction period in which the transmission state of the electrodeposition element is held to be a light-reduced state (transmittance is lowered), the deposition start voltage generating section applies a third voltage, which is a preset deposition start voltage, to the electrodeposition element. Consequently, metal ions are easily deposited, enabling increasing a speed of dispersion of the metal ions.

Abstract: This invention enables obtainment of a reflectance variable element having a high cold tolerance. Two transparent substrates are disposed so as to face each other across a gap. On respective surfaces of the transparent substrates, the surfaces facing each other, respective transparent conductive films are formed. An electrolytic solution is charged in the gap. The electrolytic solution has a composition in which at least silver ions and copper ions, a content by weight of the copper ions being smaller than that of the silver ions, are contained in a non-aqueous solvent containing a non-aqueous solvent having a boiling point that is higher than that of methanol and methanol, a content by weight of the methanol being smaller than that of the non-aqueous solvent.

Abstract: This invention enables obtainment of a reflectance variable element having a high cold tolerance. Two transparent substrates are disposed so as to face each other across a gap. On respective surfaces of the transparent substrates, the surfaces facing each other, respective transparent conductive films are formed. An electrolytic solution is charged in the gap. The electrolytic solution has a composition in which at least silver ions and copper ions, a content by weight of the copper ions being smaller than that of the silver ions, are contained in a non-aqueous solvent containing a non-aqueous solvent having a boiling point that is higher than that of methanol and methanol, a content by weight of the methanol being smaller than that of the non-aqueous solvent.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic device such as an electrochromic device or a liquid-crystal device in which a bus bar can be disposed with a simple structure for at least one electrode film and a width of a region that does not provide an intended function of the electronic device can be reduced. An electronic device is formed by integrating two substrates with spacers interposed therebetween, the substrates including respective electrode films on respective surfaces facing each other. At least one of the spacers is formed by a metal thin film-provided spacer obtained by forming a metal thin film on one surface of an insulating plate material. The electrode film of the substrate and the metal thin film of the metal thin film-provided spacer are conductively joined to each other. The electrode film is conductively connected to a terminal connected to an external circuit, via the metal thin film.

Abstract: A photochromic device having a photochromic layer including a photochromic material which exhibits absorbance in a visible region upon being sensitized by a light having a wavelength of not less than 700 nm, and an ultraviolet light blocking device for blocking an ultraviolet light from sensitizing the photochromic material in the photochromic layer. The ultraviolet light blocking device includes at least one of an ultraviolet shielding layer positioned to shield the photochromic layer from the ultraviolet light and an ultraviolet light absorber included in the photochromic layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anti-fog mirror whose reflection color exhibit a neutral color tone (within colorless color tone region as a* value and b* value in L*a*b* colorimetric system diagram). The anti-fog mirror 1 has a substrate 5, a metal-made reflecting film 6 provided on the surface thereof, and a composite functional layer 7 having a photocatalytic functional layer 8 and a light-transmissive hydrophilic functional layer 9 provided on the metal-made reflecting layer 6. The thickness of the composite functional layer 7 is set so that a* value and b* value in L*a*b* colorimetric system diagram are ranging from 20 to ?20, respectively.

Abstract: A photochromic device having a photochromic layer including a photochromic material which exhibits absorbance in a visible region upon being sensitized by a light having a wavelength of not less than 700 nm, and an ultraviolet light blocking device for blocking an ultraviolet light from sensitizing the photochromic material in the photochromic layer. The ultraviolet light blocking device includes at least one of an ultraviolet shielding layer positioned to shield the photochromic layer from the ultraviolet light and an ultraviolet light absorber included in the photochromic layer.

Abstract: An electrically conductive metallic clip used for lead-out electrodes of an EC mirror has all-shaped section. One of an opposed side pieces of the clip is disposed at the side of an electrically conductive film and is formed in a planar shape. The other side piece disposed at the side of a glass substrate is configured in a curved shape and has a terminal that is outwardly round-opened. A central portion of the other side piece is formed in a convex shape so that an opening thereof is narrowed. When a sealing resin expands, an occurrence of poor contact between a lead-out electrode portion and the clip is prevented. Moreover, good workability for attaching the clip to the substrate is realized. Furthermore, the lead-out electrode is prevented from being damaged. Additionally, the clip is prevented from being deformed when the clip is fitted onto the substrate.

Abstract: A liquid type electrochromio (EC) element is configured by substrates having tapping electrode portions as a part of a unified substrate by the processing of the substrate. When the upper and lower tapping electrode portions are provided on one side such that they are not piled up with each other, the ratio of the effective area can be increased and the area for covering the tapping electrode portions can be decreased in comparison with the technique in which the upper substrates are shifted with each other. Also, since the areas of the tapping electrode portion can be decreased in comparison with the technique in which the upper substrates are shifted with each other, the weight of the EC element can be decreased. Also, the weight can be decreased by dividing the tapping electrode portion into two tapping electrode portions each having such size that one is not piled up with another.

Abstract: A resin containing a prescribed filler that can minimize a change in moisture content is used in an electrochromic film as a sealing resin, and further the outer circumference is sealed by a silyl-containing polymer. Here, by the use of the epoxy resin containing the prescribed filler, which can minimize a change in moisture content in an electrochromic film, the moisture content in the electrochromic layer can be stabilized to a level near the use of the sealing glass relative to the environmental changes such as a high temperature and a high humidity. Consequently, there is an extremely high possibility to avoid the use of sealing glass in comparison with the use of a conventional resin. However, to secure resistance to an elevated temperature and resistance to a high humidity on a practically satisfied level, the outer circumference is further sealed by a silyl-containing polymer.

Abstract: A photochromic display element comprising a photochromic layer 12 containing a 4,4′-bipyridine derivative as a photochromic compound intervined between a transparent substrate 11 placed at a front surface side and a substrate 13 placed at a rear surface side. When a light containing an infrared light having a wavelength of 830 nm is irradiated, the photochromic display element exhibits the absorbance spectrum within a visible light region is reversibly changed whereby the photochromic layer 12 is colored and bleached.

Abstract: A tapping electrode for a lower electrode film and a tapping electrode for an upper electrode film are provided on one side of an area around a substrate. By placing the electrode-tapping elements on one side, for example, applying the electrochromic element to an automobile antiglare mirror, the effective field of the mirror is increased to contribute to safety. A mirror ring that surrounds the outer circumference of the mirror can be made slim, enhancing a smart look from the viewpoint of design. Also, in comparison with a case in which the electrode is tapped on two or more sides, the present design makes it possible to secure the same effective visibility with a lightweight design.

Abstract: In the present invention, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, a liquid type electrochromic element is configured by substrates 1 and 2 having tapping electrode portions 11 and 12 as a part of unified substrate by the processing of the substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a solid-state electrochromic device including a lower transparent conductive layer (12) formed into filmy shape on a glass substrate, partially provided with a groove (12b), and insulated with the groove (12b), an electrochromic layer (13) layered on the lower transparent conductive layer (12), and an upper transparent conductive layer (14) in direct contact with an insulated portion (12a) of the lower transparent conductive layer. Metal foil terminals (17) made of a metal foil (17a) to which an electrically conductive adhesive material (17b) is applied are bonded to an end of a body portion (12c) of the lower transparent conductive layer and an end of the insulated portion (12a) of the insulated lower transparent conductive layer.

Abstract: The present invention is characterized by, for example as shown in FIG. 1, using a resin 8 containing prescribed filler which can minimize a change in moisture content in an electrochromic film as a sealing resin, and further by sealing the outer circumference by a silyl-containing polymer 9.

Abstract: As shown in FIG. 3, in the present invention, a tapping electrode 2a for a lower electrode film 2 and a tapping electrode 4a for an upper electrode film 4 are provided on one side of an area around a substrate 1. By placing the electrode-tapping elements on one side, for example, applying the electrochromic element to an automobile antiglare mirror, the effective field of the mirror is increased to contribute the safety. a mirror ring which surrounds the outer circumference of the mirror can be made slim, enhancing a smart looking from the viewpoint of the design. Also, in comparison with the case where the electrode is tapped on two or more sides, the present invention makes it possible to secure the same effective visibility with a lightweight.

Abstract: A solid type EC mirror with improved corrosion resistance of its reflecting metal film is provided. On one surface (i.e., rear surface as viewed from the side on which light is incident) of a glass substrate are successively laminated an ITO transparent electrode film and an EC device consisting of three layers of an anode compound film, a solid electrolyte film and a cathode compound film. On the surface thereof are further successively laminated a high reflecting metal material film and a high corrosion resistant metal film. Since the high reflecting metal material film is covered with the high corrosion resistant metal film, a corrosion prevention effect against corrosion by moisture permeating from outside is enhanced and an offset width of the EC mirror can be reduced and a range of effective field of view can be enlarged.

Abstract: There is provided a solid-state electrochromic device including a lower transparent conductive layer (12) formed into filmy shape on a glass substrate, partially provided with a groove (12b), and insulated with the groove (12b), an electrochromic layer (13) layered on the lower transparent conductive layer (12), and an upper transparent conductive layer (14) in direct contact with an insulated portion (12a) of the lower transparent conductive layer. Metal foil terminals (17) made of a metal foil (17a) to which an electrically conductive adhesive material (17b) is applied are bonded to an end of a body portion (12c) of the lower transparent conductive layer and an end of the insulated portion (12a) of the insulated lower transparent conductive layer.