Abstract: A bank system for corporate finance overseas credit management includes: first storage storing customer information sharable by a plurality of entities; second storage storing information relating to a credit transaction management unit (Deal), approval means for approving execution of a credit transaction described in a credit application, the approval means having customer information and Deal information at the time of creation of the credit application and generating a first signal at the time of approval of the credit application; and control card generating means for generating a control card in response to the first signal, the control card indicating progress status of ancillary processes of the approved credit transaction. The Deal information has information of lending office(s) and information of borrower(s), the borrower(s) being associated with the customer information. The customer information and the Deal information are maintained by a first entity.

Abstract: A toner comprising: a toner particle containing a toner base particle containing a binder resin and a colorant, and a resin particle fixed to a surface of the toner base particle; and an inorganic fine particle A, wherein the surface of the toner particle has protruded portions originating in the resin particle, an average length (D) of long sides of the protruded portions is 50 nm to 300 nm, an average Height (H) of the protruded portions is 25 nm to 250 nm, the average long-side length and the average height of the protruded portions satisfies a specific relationship, and an average value of a compactness of the inorganic fine particle A is 0.40 to 0.80, and the attachment rate of the inorganic fine particles A is 0.1% to 5.0% by area.

Abstract: A toner having a toner particle containing a binder resin, an amorphous polyester, and a colorant, wherein a softening point of the toner is at least 110° C. and not more than 140° C.; an integrated value f1 for stress of the toner is not more than 10 g·m/sec, as measured using a tack tester, with a temperature for a probe end being 150° C. and a press holding time being 0.01 seconds; and an integrated value f2 for stress of the toner is at least 30 g·m/sec, as measured using a tack tester, with a temperature for a probe end being 150° C. and a press holding time being 0.1 seconds.

Abstract: A toner comprising: a toner particle containing a toner base particle containing a binder resin and a colorant, and a resin particle fixed to a surface of the toner base particle; and an inorganic fine particle A, wherein the surface of the toner particle has protruded portions originating in the resin particle, an average length (D) of long sides of the protruded portions is 50 nm to 300 nm, an average Height (H) of the protruded portions is 25 nm to 250 nm, the average long-side length and the average height of the protruded portions satisfies a specific relationship, and an average value of a compactness of the inorganic fine particle A is 0.40 to 0.80, and the attachment rate of the inorganic fine particles A is 0.1% to 5.0% by area.

Abstract: A virtual computer system includes a first saving unit that saves at least one or more snapshots each having recorded therein a state of a virtual machine, the state including an application program installed on the virtual machine, the snapshot being saved as a reference snapshot; an applying unit that applies the reference snapshot to the virtual machine when an execution request for the application program is received; and a second saving unit that saves a state of the virtual machine that executes the application program, the state being saved as a snapshot.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetic toner in which enhancement of initial transfer efficiency and transfer efficiency that is stable during a long-term use are achieved by simultaneously suppressing the friction force between the toner and a drum and the cohesion between toners, and further the degradation in chargeability and fluidity caused by the deterioration of the toner. The magnetic toner includes: a magnetic toner particle; a first external additive; and a second external additive. The first external additive includes an organic-inorganic composite fine particle, a plurality of convexes derived from an inorganic fine particle being present on a surface of the organic-inorganic composite fine particle, and has a number-average particle diameter of 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less. The second external additive includes a silica fine particle and has a number-average particle diameter of 5 nm or more and 30 nm or less. A shear load calculated from a rotation torque is 0.50 kPa or more and 2.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a detection unit and a determination unit. The detection unit detects an error by comparing image data related to a print job with read image data obtained as a result of reading a print output related to the print job. The determination unit compares read image data related to a post-error print output, which is a continuously-printed print output related to the print job for a page subsequent to a page in which the error is detected, with the image data when the error is detected by the detection unit, so as to determine a process for recovering the print job by using the post-error print output.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetic toner in which enhancement of initial transfer efficiency and transfer efficiency that is stable during a long-term use are achieved by simultaneously suppressing the friction force between the toner and a drum and the cohesion between toners, and further the degradation in chargeability and fluidity caused by the deterioration of the toner. The magnetic toner includes: a magnetic toner particle; a first external additive; and a second external additive. The first external additive includes an organic-inorganic composite fine particle, a plurality of convexes derived from an inorganic fine particle being present on a surface of the organic-inorganic composite fine particle, and has a number-average particle diameter of 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less. The second external additive includes a silica fine particle and has a number-average particle diameter of 5 nm or more and 30 nm or less. A shear load calculated from a rotation torque is 0.50 kPa or more and 2.

Abstract: A virtual computer system includes a first saving unit that saves at least one or more snapshots each having recorded therein a state of a virtual machine, the state including an application program installed on the virtual machine, the snapshot being saved as a reference snapshot; an applying unit that applies the reference snapshot to the virtual machine when an execution request for the application program is received; and a second saving unit that saves a state of the virtual machine that executes the application program, the state being saved as a snapshot.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a detection unit and a determination unit. The detection unit detects an error by comparing image data related to a print job with read image data obtained as a result of reading a print output related to the print job. The determination unit compares read image data related to a post-error print output, which is a continuously-printed print output related to the print job for a page subsequent to a page in which the error is detected, with the image data when the error is detected by the detection unit, so as to determine a process for recovering the print job by using the post-error print output.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes an extracting unit that extracts features of printing operations of a user, and a measurement unit that measures a processing throughput of executing the printing operations of the user as a substitute for a printing operation as a predetermined standard if a feature of the printing operation serving as the standard matches the features extracted by the extracting unit.

Abstract: A print control device includes a mark information memory, a first print controller, and a second print controller. The mark information memory stores mark information for each type of printer. Upon receiving a printing instruction that specifies a first printer, the first print controller assigns identification information to the print data, combines interpretation result data of the print data and an additional mark for the type of the first printer to create imposition data, supplies the imposition data to the first printer, and saves the interpretation result data in a storage device in association with the identification information. Upon receiving a printing instruction that specifies a second printer, the second print controller acquires the interpretation result data from the storage device, combines the interpretation result data and an additional mark for the type of the second printer to create imposition data, and supplies the imposition data to the second printer.

Abstract: A print control device includes a mark information memory, a first print controller, and a second print controller. The mark information memory stores mark information for each type of printer. Upon receiving a printing instruction that specifies a first printer, the first print controller assigns identification information to the print data, combines interpretation result data of the print data and an additional mark for the type of the first printer to create imposition data, supplies the imposition data to the first printer, and saves the interpretation result data in a storage device in association with the identification information. Upon receiving a printing instruction that specifies a second printer, the second print controller acquires the interpretation result data from the storage device, combines the interpretation result data and an additional mark for the type of the second printer to create imposition data, and supplies the imposition data to the second printer.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes: a receiving unit that receives job data of plural pages; plural RIP processors that interpret and expand the job data into raster images; and an allocating unit that allocates the plural pages of the job data to the plural RIP processors for RIP processing, the allocating unit dividing the job data based on a predetermined data size regardless of page breaks, allocating job data that is to be RIP processed to the plural RIP processors, sending job data, corresponding to and after the pages of the data that is to be RIP processed, to the plural RIP processors, and when a head part of the job data that is to be RIP processed allocated by the allocating unit is in the middle of a page, the plural RIP processors RIP processing the job data from the beginning of the next page.

Abstract: A rendering device includes a temporary memory, plural rendering processors, and a rendering controller. The temporary memory stores one or more rendering instructions and rendered results therefor in association with each other. The plural rendering processors each perform rendering processing in accordance with a rendering instruction, store the one or more rendering instructions and rendered results in association with each other in the temporary memory, when one or more similar rendering instructions exist for pages for which rendering processing was consecutively performed, and read and use the rendered results, in a case where rendered results associated with one or more rendering instructions are stored in the temporary memory. The rendering controller controls assigning a given rendering instruction to a corresponding one of the rendering processors in accordance with a given page editing instruction and causing the corresponding one of the rendering processors to perform rendering processing.

Abstract: A rendering device includes a temporary memory, plural rendering processors, and a rendering controller. The temporary memory stores one or more rendering instructions and rendered results therefor in association with each other. The plural rendering processors each perform rendering processing in accordance with a rendering instruction, store the one or more rendering instructions and rendered results in association with each other in the temporary memory, when one or more similar rendering instructions exist for pages for which rendering processing was consecutively performed, and read and use the rendered results, in a case where rendered results associated with one or more rendering instructions are stored in the temporary memory. The rendering controller controls assigning a given rendering instruction to a corresponding one of the rendering processors in accordance with a given page editing instruction and causing the corresponding one of the rendering processors to perform rendering processing.

Abstract: A rendering device includes a temporary memory, rendering processing units, and a rendering control unit. The temporary memory stores one or more rendering instructions and rendered results therefor in association. The rendering processing units perform rendering processing in accordance with a rendering instruction, store, when one or more similar rendering instructions exist for pages for which rendering processing was consecutively performed, the rendering instructions and rendered results therefor in association in the temporary memory, and read and use, when rendered results associated with one or more rendering instructions are stored, the rendered results.

Abstract: A rendering device includes a temporary memory, rendering processing units, and a rendering control unit. The temporary memory stores one or more rendering instructions and rendered results therefor in association. The rendering processing units perform rendering processing in accordance with a rendering instruction, store, when one or more similar rendering instructions exist for pages for which rendering processing was consecutively performed, the rendering instructions and rendered results therefor in association in the temporary memory, and read and use, when rendered results associated with one or more rendering instructions are stored, the rendered results.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes: a receiving unit that receives job data of plural pages; plural RIP processors that interpret and expand the job data into raster images; and an allocating unit that allocates the plural pages of the job data to the plural RIP processors for RIP processing, the allocating unit dividing the job data based on a predetermined data size regardless of page breaks, allocating job data that is to be RIP processed to the plural RIP processors, sending job data, corresponding to and after the pages of the data that is to be RIP processed, to the plural RIP processors, and when a head part of the job data that is to be RIP processed allocated by the allocating unit is in the middle of a page, the plural RIP processors RIP processing the job data from the beginning of the next page.