Abstract: A method and system for electroslag strip cladding (ESSC) of rail heads without preheating utilizing twin electroslag strip welding techniques. The twin ESSC techniques include depositing a layer of wear and corrosion resistance cladding material onto the entire running surface of the rail head at a relatively fast welding speed of approximately sixty cm/minute with less than one cm/meter of distortion. The welding speed is achieved by moving a twin ESSC welding head along a rail, with the running surface of the rail head facing upward, or advancing a rail through a space under the twin ESSC welding head, with the running surface of the rail head facing upward, while cladding material is deposited continuously onto the running surface of the rail head.

Abstract: Different tomographic images of the same subject matter are optimally related to one another through a two-step procedure whereby, first, movements are plotted on a subregion level, producing a vector map relating subregions in a first set of scan frames to subregions in another set of scan frames; and then, based on the aggregate of subregion movements, the invention characterizes the "global" displacement relating the volume represented by the first set of scan frames to that represented by the second set. More specifically, the invention generates translation and rotation vectors that describe the movements underlying shifts in subject matter from one scan to the other, and which can be applied to one frame set to align it with the other.