Abstract: A solid phloroglucinolic resin comprises reacting a phloroglucinolic compound and a ketone in the presence of an acid catalyst. The solid phloroglucinolic resin formed includes multiple phloroglucinolic units defined by formula (I) wherein at least one of R1, R2, and R3 combines with a second phloroglucinolic unit to form a di-substituted methylene bridge, wherein the second one of R1, R2, and R3 is a hydrogen atom or combines with a third phloroglucinolic unit to form another di-substituted methylene bridge, and wherein the third one of R1, R2 and R3 is a hydrogen atom.

Abstract: A resorcinolic novolac resin composition comprising the reaction product of (i) an aldehyde or ketone, and (ii) aralkyl-substituted resorcinol and resorcinol, where the moles of the aralkyl-substituted resorcinol to the total moles of the resorcinol and aralkyl-substituted resorcinol is 0.01:1 to 0.4:1.

Abstract: A resorcinolic novolac resin composition comprising the reaction product of (i) an aldehyde or ketone, and (ii) aralkyl-substituted resorcinol and resorcinol, where the moles of the aralkyl-substituted resorcinol to the total moles of the resorcinol and aralkyl-substituted resorcinol is 0.01:1 to 0.4:1.

Abstract: An electric double-layer capacitor comprising an electrode containing an activated carbon, an electrolytic solution containing an electrolyte and a separator, wherein the electrolyte is an imidazolium salt represented by the following formula (1) (wherein R and R? each independently represent alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R1 to R3 each independently represent hydrogen atom or alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and X? represents a counter ion), and the activated carbon is produced by carbonizing an organic aerogel obtained by polymerizing a phenolic compound having at least one hydroxyl group in its molecule with an aldehyde compound in an aqueous solvent in the presence of a basic catalyst.

Abstract: An activated carbon comprising a carbonized and activated compound represented by the formula (1): (wherein, R represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, said hydrocarbon group may be optionally substituted with hydroxyl group, alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl group, aryloxy group, sulfonyl group, halogen atoms, nitro group, thioalkyl group, cyano group, carboxyl group, amino group or amide group, R? represents hydrogen atom or methyl group, and n represents an integer of 4, 6, or 8).

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a specific crosscoupling compound and a specific catalyst for producing the compound. The method includes reacting in the presence of a base and a nickel compound catalyst organic halide of the formula n?(R1X1n), wherein R1 is a hydrocarbon group and the ? and ? carbons to X? are sp3 carbon atoms; X1 is a chlorine, bromine, or iodine atoms, and n and n1 are 1 or 2 but not both 2, with a compound having the formula m{R2(BX22)n?} where an R2 is an aryl, heteroaryl, or alkenyl group, and n? is 1 or 2, X2 is independently a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy or arylalkoxy group or X22 together form an alkylenedioxy or arylenedioxy group, and m represents 1 or 2 but m?n, and the boron atom is bonded to a sp2 carbon atom of R2 group or a boronic acid trimer anhydride.

Abstract: An activated carbon comprising a carbonized and activated compound represented by the formula (1): (wherein, R represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, said hydrocarbon group may be optionally substituted with hydroxyl group, alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl group, aryloxy group, sulfonyl group, halogen atoms, nitro group, thioalkyl group, cyano group, carboxyl group, amino group or amide group, R? represents hydrogen atom or methyl group, and n represents an integer of 4, 6, or 8).

Abstract: An electric double-layer capacitor comprising an electrode containing an activated carbon, an electrolytic solution containing an electrolyte and a separator, wherein the electrolyte is an imidazolium salt represented by the following formula (1) (wherein R and R? each independently represent alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R1 to R3 each independently represent hydrogen atom or alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and X? represents a counter ion), and the activated carbon is produced by carbonizing an organic aerogel obtained by polymerizing a phenolic compound having at least one hydroxyl group in its molecule with an aldehyde compound in an aqueous solvent in the presence of a basic catalyst.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing a coupling compound of formula (1): (Y—)(n?1)R1—R2—(R1)(n??1)??(1) wherein R1, R2 n and n? are as defined below, Y is R2 or X as defined below, which method comprises reacting an organic halogen compound of formula (2): n?(R1X1n)??(2) wherein X1 represents a bromine or iodine, R1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group of which ? and ? carbon atoms in relation to X1 are sp3 carbon atoms, n and n? each independently represent an integer of 1 or 2, and provided that n and n? do not simultaneously represent 2, with an organic boron compound of formula (3): m{R2(BX22)n?}??(3) wherein R2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group and the boron atom is bonded with a sp2 carbon atom thereof, X2 represents a hydroxyl or alkoxy group, n? is as defined above, m represents an integer of 1 or 2, and m is not more than n, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a) a nick

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a specific crosscoupling compound and a specific catalyst for producing the compound. The method includes reacting in the presence of a base and a nickel compound catalyst organic halide of the formula n?(R1X1n), wherein R1 is a hydrocarbon group and the ? and ? carbons to X? are sp3 carbon atoms; X1 is a chlorine, bromine, or iodine atoms, and n and n1 and 1 or 2 but not both 2, with a compound having the formula m{R2(BX22)n?} where an R2 is an aryl, heteroaryl, or alkenyl group, and n? is 1 or 2, X2 is independently a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy or arylalkoxy group or X22 together form an alkylenedioxy or arylenedioxy group, and m represents 1 or 2 but m?n, and the boron atom is bonded to a sp2 carbon atom of R2 group or a boronic acid trimer anhydride.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a specific crosscoupling compound and a specific catalyst for producing the compound. The method includes reacting in the presence of a base and a nickel compound catalyst organic halide of the formula n?(R1X1n), wherein R1 is a hydrocarbon group and the ? and ? carbons to X? are sp3 carbon atoms; X1 is a chlorine, bromine, or iodine atoms, and n and n1 are 1 or 2 but not both 2, with a compound having the formula m{R2(BX22)n?} where an R2 is an aryl, heteroaryl, or alkenyl group, and n? is 1 or 2, X2 is independently a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy or arylalkoxy group or X22 together form an alkylenedioxy or arylenedioxy group, and m represents 1 or 2 but m?n, and the boron atom is bonded to a sp2 carbon atom of R2 group or a boronic acid trimer anhydride.

Abstract: There are disclosed a process for producing a coupling compound of formula (1): (Y-)n-1)R1-R2-(R1)(n?-1) ??(1), wherein R1 and R2 independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, which process is characterized by reacting an unsaturated organic compound of formula (2): n?(R1X1n) ??(2) wherein n, n?, and R1 are the same as defined above, and X1 is the same or different and independently represents a leaving group and bonded with a sp2 carbon atom of R1 group, with a boron compound of formula (3): m{R2(BX22)n?}??(3) wherein R2 and n? are the same as defined above, X2 represents a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, in the presence of a catalyst containing (A) a nickel compound, and (B) a nitrogen-containing cyclic compound, and the catalyst.

Abstract: There are disclosed a process for producing a coupling compound of formula (1): (Y—)(n?1)R1—R2—(R1)(n??1),??(1) wherein R1 and R2 independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, which process is characterized by reacting an unsaturated organic compound of formula (2): n?(R1X1n)??(2) wherein n, n?, and R1 are the same as defined above, and X1 is the same or different and independently represents a leaving group and bonded with a sp2 carbon atom of R1 group, with a boron compound of formula (3): m{R2(BX22)n?}??(3) wherein R2 and n? are the same as defined above, X2 represents a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, in the presence of a catalyst containing (A) a nickel compound, and (B) a nitrogen-containing cyclic compound, and the catalyst.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing a coupling compound of formula (1):

Abstract: There are disclosed a method for producing a cross-coupling compound of formula (3):

Abstract: There are disclosed a process for producing a coupling compound of formula (1):