Abstract: Techniques for query execution against relational databases using connection pooling are described. According to some embodiments, a query processing service is disclosed that enables users to execute queries against target relational databases implemented by a relational database service. The service receives query requests originated by a client application at a web service endpoint and identifies a connection to a particular target database. In some examples, the query request is a Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) message comprising a query to be executed by a target database instance within the provider network. The service transmits the query for execution at the target database via the connection and obtains a query result based on the execution of the query. The service transforms the query result into a format suitable for the client and transmits a query response to the client.

Abstract: Techniques for aggregating and emitting database activity record batches are described. Database activity records can be written to a shared memory queue and emitted to a destination using a remote procedure call (RPC). Individual database connection server processes can write client activity records to the queue. An activity monitor plugin in the database engine can monitor the audit records and aggregate the audit records into batches. Batches of audit records can be sent via RPC to their final or intermediate destination. Each instance host in a database service can include a client backend process configured to define how to submit audit records to shared memory. The activity monitor plugin can batch audit records in to messages and submit those messages via RPC to a security host manager and relaying response back to each relevant client backend.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are lignin-derived ionic liquids and methods for preparing them. The methods include forming a reaction mixture comprising a lignin-derived starting material, a carbonyl compound, and an amine; maintaining the reaction mixture under conditions sufficient to form a lignin-derived aminophenol; and converting the lignin derived aminophenol to the lignin-derived ionic liquid. Monomeric phenols, oligomeric phenols, and polymeric phenols can be used as lignin-derived starting materials.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for preparing sugar compositions. The methods include: i) forming a mixture including polysaccharide biomass and an ionic liquid solution, wherein the ionic liquid solution contains water and an ionic liquid, and the ionic liquid contains a) a cation and b) a sugar acid anion or a ketoacid anion; ii) maintaining the mixture under conditions sufficient to dissolve at least a portion of the polysaccharide present in the polysaccharide biomass; iii) adding at least one glycoside hydrolase to the mixture; and iv) maintaining the mixture containing the glycoside hydrolase under conditions sufficient to hydrolyze at least a portion of the dissolved polysaccharide, thereby forming the sugar compositions. The sugar compositions contain at least one monosaccharide or oligosaccharide. New sugar-based ionic liquids are also described.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for synthesizing ionic liquids from lignin. Methods and compositions are also provided for treating lignin with ionic liquids.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for ionic liquid processing of biomass.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for preparing sugar compositions. The methods include: i) forming a mixture including polysaccharide biomass and an ionic liquid solution, wherein the ionic liquid solution contains water and an ionic liquid, and the ionic liquid contains a) a cation and b) a sugar acid anion or a ketoacid anion; ii) maintaining the mixture under conditions sufficient to dissolve at least a portion of the polysaccharide present in the polysaccharide biomass; iii) adding at least one glycoside hydrolase to the mixture; and iv) maintaining the mixture containing the glycoside hydrolase under conditions sufficient to hydrolyze at least a portion of the dissolved polysaccharide, thereby forming the sugar compositions. The sugar compositions contain at least one monosaccharide or oligosaccharide. New sugar-based ionic liquids are also described.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for ionic liquid processing of biomass.

Abstract: Resources hosted in different virtualization platforms may be managed across the different virtualization platform. Requests to perform types of actions with respect to a resource hosted in a type of virtualization platform may be received. Mapping information between types of actions and actions available via interfaces for different types of virtualization platforms may be evaluated to select actions for an interface of the type of virtualization platform that hosts the resource. The selected actions may then be performed via the interface to perform the action with regard to the resource.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method for dissolving and/or depolymerizing lignin comprising: (a) providing a composition comprising lignin, (b) contacting the composition with a strong hydrogen donor, such as a polyol, to form a first solution, (c) incubating the first solution at a temperature equal to or less than 100° C., whereby at least 20% by weight of the lignin is dissolved, (d) optionally introducing an oxidation agent to the first solution to form a second solution, wherein the temperature of the second solution is equal to or less than 100° C., whereby lignin is depolymerized, and (e) optionally introducing an anti-solvent to the second solution to precipitate the depolymerized lignin.

Abstract: Resources hosted in different virtualization platforms may be managed across the different virtualization platform. Requests to perform types of actions with respect to a resource hosted in a type of virtualization platform may be received. Mapping information between types of actions and actions available via interfaces for different types of virtualization platforms may be evaluated to select actions for an interface of the type of virtualization platform that hosts the resource. The selected actions may then be performed via the interface to perform the action with regard to the resource.

Abstract: The present invention provides for novel protic ionic liquids (PIL) or phosphate-based ionic liquid (PBIL) useful for lignocellulosic processing described herein. The novel protic ionic liquids are capable of pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass over a wide range of pH.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are lignin-derived ionic liquids and methods for preparing them. The methods include forming a reaction mixture comprising a lignin-derived starting material, a carbonyl compound, and an amine; maintaining the reaction mixture under conditions sufficient to form a lignin-derived aminophenol; and converting the lignin derived aminophenol to the lignin-derived ionic liquid. Monomeric phenols, oligomeric phenols, and polymeric phenols can be used as lignin-derived starting materials.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for preparing sugar compositions. The methods include: i) forming a mixture including polysaccharide biomass and an ionic liquid solution, wherein the ionic liquid solution contains water and an ionic liquid, and the ionic liquid contains a) a cation and b) a sugar acid anion or a ketoacid anion; ii) maintaining the mixture under conditions sufficient to dissolve at least a portion of the polysaccharide present in the polysaccharide biomass; iii) adding at least one glycoside hydrolase to the mixture; and iv) maintaining the mixture containing the glycoside hydrolase under conditions sufficient to hydrolyze at least a portion of the dissolved polysaccharide, thereby forming the sugar compositions. The sugar compositions contain at least one monosaccharide or oligosaccharide. New sugar-based ionic liquids are also described.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for synthesizing ionic liquids from lignin. Methods and compositions are also provided for treating lignin with ionic liquids.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for ionic liquid processing of biomass.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method for dissolving and/or depolymerizing lignin comprising: (a) providing a composition comprising lignin, (b) contacting the composition with a strong hydrogen donor, such as a polyol, to form a first solution, (c) incubating the first solution at a temperature equal to or less than 100° C., whereby at least 20% by weight of the lignin is dissolved, (d) optionally introducing an oxidation agent to the first solution to form a second solution, wherein the temperature of the second solution is equal to or less than 100° C., whereby lignin is depolymerized, and (e) optionally introducing an anti-solvent to the second solution to precipitate the depolymerized lignin.

Abstract: Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs) are generated using the source code of a programming language that include information relating to the structure of the program. The generation of the ASTs may be performed in parallel. The types are split into a number of modules (e.g. configurable) that form an assembly. During the different stages of the compilation process, each module may be compiled in parallel. As the different modules are being compiled (e.g. in parallel), compiler metadata from the different modules may be written to a repository accessible by the different compilation processes. After flowing through the compilation pipeline, each of the enriched ASTs are used for code generation where they are transformed into the target language (e.g. a code stream that can be executed on hardware). The executable code is then stored as part of the assembly. The storage of the code may also be performed in parallel.

Abstract: A search system, separate from a relational database, generates an index of information in the relational database that can be used to look up business records (or entities). A search system, that is also separate from the relational database, receives typing or other character inputs in a search user input mechanism and generates queries against the index based on the typing inputs, or other character inputs, received. The search system returns results and modifies those results as additional typing inputs, or characters, are received.

Abstract: Example embodiments are provided for integrating operating systems with content offered by internet based entities.