Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) receives first timing advances and first power control commands from a first eNodeB and second timing advances and second power control commands from a second eNodeB and transmits, to the first eNodeB, a first physical uplink control channel using a first uplink component carrier. The first physical uplink control channel has a first timing adjusted by the first timing advances but not by the second timing advances and a first power level adjusted by the first power control commands but not by the second power control commands. The WTRU transmits a second physical uplink control channel using a second uplink component carrier. The second physical uplink control channel has a second timing adjusted by the second timing advances but not by the first timing advances and a second power level adjusted by the second power control commands but not by the first power control commands.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for power saving in a wireless network are disclosed. A Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) may comprise a transmitter, a receiver, and a processor. The processor may determine a processing state pertaining to behavior of the WTRU and determine a minimum amount of resources to be processed for one or more sets of physical resources based on the determined processing state. Each respective set of physical resources may comprise resources in time, and any of frequency or space. For each respective set of physical resources, the time may comprise a frame structure associated with a numerology applicable to the respective set of physical resources, the frequency may comprise any of a frequency location, a bandwidth, or the numerology, and the space may comprise one or more beams. The processor may process the determined minimum amount of resources of the one of more sets of physical resources.

Abstract: System(s), method(s), and device(s) for addressing new radio (NR) sidelink latency and protocols. A relay wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to relay information between a remote WTRU and the network. Certain rules, parameters, thresholds, and/or configurations may be used to control and/or reduce latency. In one example, the remote WTRU may send a message to the relay WTRU indicating parameters for data to be relayed; and the relay WTRU may send a message to the network regarding the same.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products are disclosed that may be implemented in wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for device-to-device communications, such as sidelink (SL) transmissions in a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) environment. In one representative method, the WTRU may monitor a resource pool for a first channel having 1st stage SL control information (SCI) and decode a detected 1st stage SCI. The 1st stage SCI may be associated with corresponding 2nd stage SCI. Based on information indicated by the decoded 1st stage SCI, the WTRU may determine whether to perform, or continue to perform, decoding of the associated 2nd stage SCI. The WTRU may also perform decoding of a second channel associated with the 1st stage SCI. The decoding of the 2nd stage SCI and the decoding of the second channel may be performed for a same sub-frame, slot and/or mini-slot.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products directed to selection and/or reselection of WTRUs and paths are provided. Among such methods is a method that may be implemented in a first WTRU and may include determining first measurements based on first sidelink transmissions received from a second WTRU; receiving, from the second WTRU, second measurements associated with a path between the first WTRU and a third WTRU, wherein second measurements are based, at least in part, on sidelink transmissions exchanged between the third WTRU and the second WTRU or between the third WTRU and a fourth WTRU; determining a measurement of the path based on any of the first and second measurements; determining transmission parameters for transmitting discovery messages during a communication period based on any of the measurement of the path and quality of service criteria; and transmitting the discovery messages according to the transmission parameters.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for determining whether sidelink resources of a sidelink radio bearer are available, and for reserving resources of any number of sidelink radio bearers for transmission of periodic data are provided. The method includes determining any of a size, a period, or a pattern of a resource reservation for periodic data that is to be transmitted by the WTRU via the sidelink radio bearer; determining sidelink resources available for transmission of the periodic data via any number of sidelink radio bearers; and transmitting a message including the resource reservation including information indicating reservation of the available sidelink resources for transmission of the periodic data by the WTRU according to any of the size, the period, or the pattern of a resource reservation, wherein the message includes any of a bearer identifier (ID) or Quality of Service (QoS) information.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein for sidelink discovery, for example, associated with relays, e.g., NR relays. Discovery data may be transmitted, for example, to initialize communication between devices. Discovery data may be transmitted alone or multiplexed with other data (e.g., sidelink data). Discovery data with a high priority may be transmitted alone. Discovery data with a low priority may be multiplexed with other data (e.g., other data received within a duration of time). Discovery data may be multiplexed with other data that share the same destination identity. Resource allocation may be performed, for example, based on whether the discovery data is transmitted alone or multiplexed with other data.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) (e.g., a millimeter WTRU (mWTRU)) may receive a first control channel using a first antenna pattern. The WTRU may receive a second control channel using a second antenna pattern. The WTRU may demodulate and decode the first control channel. The WTRU may demodulate and decode the second control channel. The WTRU may determine, using at least one of: the decoded first control channel or the second control channel, beam scheduling information associated with the WTRU and whether the WTRU is scheduled for an mmW segment. The WTRU may form a receive beam using the determined beam scheduling information. The WTRU receive the second control channel using the receive beam. The WTRU determine, by demodulating and decoding the second control channel, dynamic per-TTI scheduling information related to a data channel associated with the second control channel.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for power saving in a wireless network are disclosed. A Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) may comprise a transmitter, a receiver, and a processor. The processor may determine a processing state pertaining to behavior of the WTRU and determine a minimum amount of resources to be processed for one or more sets of physical resources based on the determined processing state. Each respective set of physical resources may comprise resources in time, and any of frequency or space. For each respective set of physical resources, the time may comprise a frame structure associated with a numerology applicable to the respective set of physical resources, the frequency may comprise any of a frequency location, a bandwidth, or the numerology, and the space may comprise one or more beams. The processor may process the determined minimum amount of resources of the one of more sets of physical resources.

Abstract: One or more techniques for beamformed paging are disclosed. A transmission/reception point (TRP) may transmit a paging inquiry signal using beam sweeping in a paging inquiry (PI) block with a different time, frequency resource set and/or sequence configuration associated with the same paging occasion (PO), for example, to randomize and/or distribute WTRUs into different monitoring groups. A WTRU may transmit an uplink paging inquiry response indicating a downlink beam for a paging data transmission and/or a WTRU ID. A downlink control and/or a data channel transmission may be triggered by a paging inquiry response transmission. Paging downlink control information may be transmitted in a WTRU-specific control channel, which may contain CRC bits masked by a temporary paging identity, e.g., based on a WTRU ID that may be reported in a paging inquiry response transmission. A WTRU paging procedure may be based on a paging inquiry signal and/or response transmission.

Abstract: Method and WTRU enabled for service continuity using WTRU-to-WTRU relays. A relay path may be modeled as an SLRB, RLC leg of an SLRB, and/or a MAC logical channel. The WTRU adds a path for a destination based on configured/usable relays. The WTRU may associate an end-to-end L2 destination ID with one or more path L2 destination IDs or path IDs. Upper layers select one or more paths for transmission of a packet/bearer. The WTRU may send a relay announcement message containing path connectivity information. A WTRU may select a path for transmission based on properties associated with a sidelink. The WTRU may activate/deactivate an SL bearer, unicast link, L2 destination, and/or RLC Leg. The WTRU changes a bearer associated with an SLRB from an established RLC entity to another established RLC entity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pollen control dry pollination machine for Abies ziyuanensis, comprising a lever; a side of a top of the lever is fixedly connected with one end of a square tube; another end of the square tube is rotatably connected with a pollination shell; a top of the square tube and a top of the pollination shell are slidably connected with a fan; the pollination shell is internally provided with a pollen box, a pollen outlet cover and a pollination chamber from a top to a bottom in sequence; the pollen box is communicated with the pollen outlet cover; a bottom of the pollination chamber is provided with an opening; an Abies ziyuanensis ovulate strobilus to be pollinated is placed in the pollination chamber; a bottom of the pollination shell is fixedly connected with a rotating opening; the lever is provided with a switch.

Abstract: Methods for generating in culture of cells resembling mammalian trophectoderm-lineage cells from mammalian pluripotent stem cells are provided, along with the related compositions.

Abstract: A method for displaying content in a graphical user interface (GUI) of an instance of a frontend application providing frontend functionality associated with a cloud platform. The method includes initiating a first request to execute a set of operations against a foreign dataset to generate a GUI element. The method includes requesting a data provider to transmit a copy of the foreign dataset, and receiving, from the data provider, the foreign dataset. The method includes submitting, to a first endpoint, a second request providing the foreign dataset as input to the first endpoint, and submitting, to a second endpoint, a third request providing first modified data, received from the first endpoint, as input to the second endpoint. The method includes receiving, from the second endpoint, second modified data, and performing at least one operation to generate the GUI element based on the second modified data.

Abstract: A single groove single-sided fastener comprises: a rivet consisting of a rivet head, a polish rod, a locking groove, a tail pulling groove and a tail tooth in sequence, and a lantern ring consisting of a sleeve and a dead head; a tail of the rivet is of a single groove short-tail structure, a ratio of a length of the tail pulling groove to a total length of the tail tooth is 0.1˜1.5, an included angle between a bottom generatrix of the tail pulling groove and an axis of the rivet is ?30°˜0°, two axial ends of the bottom of the tail pulling groove and the tail of the tail tooth are of a fillet transition structure, a ratio of a length of a straight part of the tail tooth to the total length of the tail tooth is 0.1˜1.

Abstract: Transmit and/or receive beamforming may be applied to the control channel transmission/reception, e.g., in mmW access link system design. Techniques to identify candidate control channel beams and/or their location in the subframe structure may provide for efficient WTRU operation. A framework for beam formed control channel design may support varying capabilities of mBs and/or WTRUs, and/or may support time and/or spatial domain multiplexing of control channel beams. For a multi-beam system, modifications to reference signal design may discover, identify, measure, and/or decode a control channel beam. Techniques may mitigate inter-beam interference. WTRU monitoring may consider beam search space, perhaps in addition to time and/or frequency search space. Enhancements to downlink control channel may support scheduling narrow data beams. Scheduling techniques may achieve high resource utilization, e.g., perhaps when large bandwidths are available and/or WTRUs may be spatially distributed.

Abstract: Systems and methods described herein are provided for beamforming and uplink control and data transmission techniques. Such techniques enable a UE to maintain at least one beam process for operation with multiple beams and/or points. A beam process may be indicated for transmission or reception over a downlink or uplink physical channel. Power, timing, and channel state information may be specific to a beam process. A beam process may be established as part of a random access procedure in which resources may be provisioned in random access response messages. Techniques are provided to handle beam process failures, to use beam processes for mobility, and to select beams using open-loop and closed-loop selection procedures.

Abstract: A method for achieving an end-to-end quality of service (QoS) performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include receiving a protocol data unit (PDU) and an excess time indication from a source WTRU, and determining an expected latency for a next hop link based on a measure of channel load. It may also include dynamically determining a next hop latency budget based on the received excess time indication and the expected latency and determining resources for transmitting the received PDU based on the determined next hop latency budget. If the resources are available, the received PDU may be transmitted on the next hop using the determined resources.

Abstract: There may be one or more systems, methods, and/or devices that address a relay wireless communication scenario. For example, in such a scenario, there may be at least three entities, a remote a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may need to communicate with a network node (e.g., gNB) and/or another WTRU that it cannot directly communicate with. This remote WTRU may communicate with a relay WTRU in order to communicate with the ultimate destination (e.g., another WTRU or a network node). The use of a relay may require establishment and configuration of one or more entities involved.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) (e.g., a millimeter WTRU (mWTRU)) may receive a first control channel using a first antenna pattern. The WTRU may receive a second control channel using a second antenna pattern. The WTRU may demodulate and decode the first control channel. The WTRU may demodulate and decode the second control channel. The WTRU may determine, using at least one of: the decoded first control channel or the second control channel, beam scheduling information associated with the WTRU and whether the WTRU is scheduled for an mmW segment. The WTRU may form a receive beam using the determined beam scheduling information. The WTRU receive the second control channel using the receive beam. The WTRU determine, by demodulating and decoding the second control channel, dynamic per-TTI scheduling information related to a data channel associated with the second control channel.