Abstract: A surface-treated steel sheet according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a base steel sheet and a plating layer containing Ni and W which is provided on the surface of the base steel sheet, and in a region from the outmost surface of the plating layer to a depth of 150 nm, a proportion (unit atomic %) of the average W concentration with respect to a total of the average Ni concentration, the average W concentration, and the average Fe concentration is 2.0 to 20.0 atomic %, and in a region of the plating layer from a depth of 150 nm to a depth of 300 nm, the proportion (unit atomic %) of the average W concentration with respect to the total of the average Ni concentration, the average W concentration, and the average Fe concentration is 0.7 times or less the proportion in the region from the outmost surface of the plating layer to a depth of 150 nm.

Abstract: A Ni-plated steel sheet according to one aspect of the present invention includes a base steel sheet; and a Ni plating layer provided on a surface of the base steel sheet, wherein the Ni plating layer includes a Ni—Fe alloy layer formed on the surface of the base steel sheet, and a ratio of a Sn content to a Ni content in the Ni plating layer is 0.0005% to 0.10%.

Abstract: A cleaning solution that is used, inter alia, for removal of residue of a photoresist pattern or etching residue, and has exceptional anticorrosion properties with respect to silicon nitride; and a method for cleaning a substrate using the cleaning solution. In a cleaning solution containing a hydrofluoric acid and a solvent, a polymer that includes units derived from a compound of a specific structure having a carboxylic acid amide bond (—CO—N<) and an unsaturated double bond is blended as an anticorrosive agent. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is preferred as the polymer used as the anticorrosive agent.

Abstract: A cleaning solution that is used, inter alia, for removal of residue of a photoresist pattern or etching residue, and has exceptional anticorrosion properties with respect to silicon nitride; and a method for cleaning a substrate using the cleaning solution. In a cleaning solution containing a hydrofluoric acid and a solvent, a polymer that includes units derived from a compound of a specific structure having a carboxylic acid amide bond (—CO—N<) and an unsaturated double bond is blended as an anticorrosive agent. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is preferred as the polymer used as the anticorrosive agent.

Abstract: A cleaning liquid including hydrofluoric acid, a tetrazole compound, and water. The tetrazole compound may be represented by the following Formula (B1) in which R1 is a hydrogen atom or an organic group and R2 is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, an amino group, or an organic group.

Abstract: A cleaning liquid including hydrofluoric acid, a tetrazole compound, and water. The tetrazole compound may be represented by the following Formula (B1) in which R1 is a hydrogen atom or an organic group and R2 is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, an amino group, or an organic group.

Abstract: An inner focus type telescope includes a sighting objective lens, a focusing lens, a horizon compensating optical system, a focal plane, and an eyepiece through which an object image formed on the focal plane can be viewed, arranged in this order from the object side. The position of the focusing lens is adjustable to form the object image on the focal plane in accordance with the distance of an object to be viewed. The telescope further includes a beam splitting optical system provided in the optical path between the objective lens and the focal plane to split the optical path, a surface equivalent to the focal plane, provided in the beam splitting optical system, and a focus detecting system which detects the state of the focus at the equivalent surface.

Abstract: A fungicidal and bactericidal method of imparting fungicidal and bactericidal properties to an article by coating or impregnating the article with a solution of a quaternary ammonium salt of alginic acid or carboxymethyl cellulose (which is insoluble or sparingly soluble in water) in an organic solvent and thereafter removing the solvent from the article.

Abstract: A denture-base made of a thermoplastic resin compound which comprises polysulfone resins (A) and a resin (B) selected from the group consisting of polycarbonates, polyester carbonates, aromatic polyester copolymers and their mixtures, is excellent in mechanical properties and compatibility with acrylic resins, firmly implants artificial dentures of acrylic resin, and is readily repaired by use of repair materials of acrylic resin.

Abstract: Apparatus for inspecting pipes in a plant, comprising an elongate inspection head portion which is provided with an optical system for receiving an inspection image by approaching an inner surface of a pipe being an object to-be-inspected; at least one proximity sensor which is disposed in the inspection head portion in order to detect a relative distance between the inspection head portion and the proximate object; a positioning mechanism which consists of a plurality of driving shafts for advancing or retreating, rotating, and revolving the inspection head portion; a control device which is capable of programmed operation and which drives and controls the positioning mechanism in a predetermined operation sequence programmed in advance; a data storage device which stores positional data of the respective driving shafts of the positioning mechanism; and an image processor which is disposed at a position remote from the inspection head portion and which reconstructs the inspection image from video signals; th

Abstract: An apparatus for positioning is characterized by the fact that the circuit for generating a reference velocity, the existence of which is primarily responsible for the disadvantages in the conventional apparatus for positioning by analog feed-back of the velocity, is eliminated and a data processing unit is substituted for this circuit. Thus, the positioning is controlled by a group of predetermined reference velocity values stored beforehand in the memory of the data processing unit.

Abstract: In a detecting device of the unevenness of a curved surface of an object, the detecting device is characterized by providing means for seizing or holding the object, means for moving the seizing means in a predetermined direction, a variation detector for detecting the presence of a projection or a recess on the surface of the object, a supporting means including at least two contact members which contact the surface of the object for supporting the variation detector at a position corresponding to the position of the surface, and means for guiding the supporting means in response to the position variation of the surface.

Abstract: Automatic assembling method to screw a nut on a bolt comprises steps of detecting a position of a bolt which is maintained by a supporter, and of positioning in rough a nut thereto by a positioning mechanism, in which the nut is supported by an attachment coupled with a motor through an elastic mechanism, which is capable of deformation in both directions of an axis and a radius. The nut, then is movably pressed against the bolt and rotated by the motor. When the nut is not screwed on the bolt, the positioning mechanism changes its position in two dimensions so that the nut is maintained movably pressed against the bolt and the nut is rotated again. The changing position of the positioning mechanism will be continued until the nut is screwed on the bolt.

Abstract: An automatic assembly control apparatus employs a holding mechanism for holding a collar with a hole, to which a shaft of a motor is inserted. The holding mechanism is coupled to a positioning mechanism through an elastic mechanism so that the positioning mechanism may be controlled in response to signals representative of the displacement or deflection of the elastic mechanism. The collar is first placed in rough upon the center axis of the shaft which has a step portion at the end portion thereof and then inserted onto the shaft while its position is corrected by the positioning mechanism. The insertion of the collar is stopped when it is caught at the step portion of the shaft and then the position of the collar is changed in such a manner that the collar is inserted onto the shaft over the step portion thereof. Then, the collar is gradually inserted onto the shaft.

Abstract: In an automatic assembly control system, a flexible coupling mechanism deformable in accordance with the relative positions of an object and a hole to receive the object therein and a detector to detect the displacement or the deformation of the coupling mechanism in the direction of insertion in excess of a certain value are provided so that in the process of inserting the object into the hole the distance between the object and the hole in the direction perpendicular to the direction of insertion is controlled in accordance with the output of the detector.