Abstract: The three-side trimmer according to the present invention comprises an alignment station (F) for receiving booklet bundle (32) and aligning the booklets in the height direction, and a cutting station (D) for cutting the top edge, bottom edge and fore edge of the booklet bundle. The three-side trimmer further comprises a chuck mechanism (40) which holds the booklet bundle and conveys it from the alignment station to the cutting station. In the cutting station, there is provided a cutting table (23) for supporting a booklet bundle thereon, a top edge cutting knife (43), a bottom edge cutting knife (44), a fore edge cutting knife (42), and a pressing plate (48) movable between a waiting position, which is disposed over the booklet bundle, and a working position where the pressing plate presses the booklet bundle to the cutting table. An encoder reads the data about the rotational position of the servomotor (38) in the chuck mechanism while the chuck mechanism (40) holds the booklet bundle.

Abstract: An ink-jet printing dye-fixing agent is provided which comprises a quaternary cationic polymer having the main chain represented by general formula (1): where R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently an aliphatic alkyl group of 1 or 2 carbons; R is an aliphatic alkylene group of 1-6 carbons or a phenylene group; and n is an integer of from 3 to 300. A recording paper sheet employing the fixing agent is also provided. This fixing agent has excellent ink dye fixability, and makes ink coloring excellent and improves water resistance of the printed matter.

Abstract: In a reflective liquid crystal display device, a retardation &Dgr;ndLC of a liquid crystal cell ranges from 705 nm to 890 nm.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to provide a liquid crystal display that is able to realize a sequential color illumination method, i.e. that can advantageously achieve a high resolution full color display with no need of any color filters. For the purpose of attaining the object above, this invention provides a liquid crystal display characterized by being provided with a display panel in which a phase compensation plate is disposed in front of a bend oriented liquid crystal cell with a cell gap of 7 .mu.m, said cell and phase compensation plate being inserted between two cross polarizers between a TFT active matrix driving each image element by dividing said display panel into elements in a matrix array, and a surface light source sequentially illuminating three color lights of red, green and blue on the rear fare of the display panel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a driving method of a liquid crystal display device using an OCB (optically compensated birefringence) which realizes a wide view-field angle and high-speed response, and has an object of providing a driving method of a liquid crystal display device which method causes an OCB cell to transfer from a splay orientation state to a bend orientation state in short time.In a driving method of a liquid crystal display device using an OCB cell, gate on/off periods of a TFT are controlled at a start of a display operation, each pixel is caused to have bend orientation by a strong electric field that is generated between a gate electrode and a common electrode, and, at the same time, a voltage that is higher than that to generate an electric field necessary to maintain bend orientation is applied between a display electrode and the common electrode, to thereby effect transfer to bend orientation in short time.

Abstract: An ink-jet printing dye-fixing agent is provided which comprises a quaternary cationic polymer having the main chain represented by general formula (1): ##STR1## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are independently an aliphatic alkyl group of 1 or 2 carbons; R is an aliphatic alkene group of 1-6 carbons or a phenylene group; and n is an integer of from 3 to 300. A recording paper sheet employing the fixing agent is also provided. This fixing agent has excellent ink dye fixability, and makes ink coloring excellent and improves water resistance of the printed matter.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of high display quality and superior sharpness is presented. Large bumps and small bumps made of synthetic resin material are formed on a glass substrate. Covering these bumps and filling the recesses among the bumps, a smoothing film is formed. On the smoothing film, a reflective metal film made of metal material such as aluminum is formed. This reflective metal film is formed in plural rows in a longitudinal band form. On the glass substrate, the bumps, smoothing film, and reflective metal film are combined to compose a reflector. An orientation film is formed on the reflective metal film. By the electric field applied in the liquid crystal layer so as to be in the light shielding state when the retardation .DELTA.n.sub.1 d.sub.1 of the liquid crystal cell and the retardation .DELTA.n.sub.2 d.sub.2 of the substrate possessing optical phase compensating function satisfy .vertline..DELTA.n.sub.1 d.sub.1 -.DELTA.n.sub.2 d.sub.2 .vertline./.lambda.=0.25+m/2.+-.0.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of high display quality and superior sharpness is presented. Large bumps and small bumps made of synthetic resin material are formed on a glass substrate. The bottom diameters of the large bumps and small bumps are defined, for example, at 5 .mu.m and 3 .mu.m, respectively, and their interval is at least, for example, 2 .mu.m or more. Covering these bumps and filling the recesses among the bumps, a smoothing film is formed. On the smoothing film, a reflective metal film made of metal material such as aluminum is formed. This reflective a metal film is formed in plural rows in a longitudinal band form. On the glass substrate, the bumps, smoothing film, and reflective metal film are combined to compose a reflector. An orientation film is formed on the reflective metal film. By the electric field applied in the liquid crystal layer so as to be in the light shielding state when the retardation .DELTA.n.sub.1 d.sub.1 of the liquid crystal cell and the retardation .DELTA.n.sub.2 d.

Abstract: A homeotropic liquid crystal display device compensated for the anisotropy of the homeotropically oriented nematic liquid crystal layer, by anisotropy compensating means comprising at least two anisotropic (e.g. uniaxial) films having their optic axes disposed to form a right angle in a plane parallel to the substrate to form an optically negative activity in the direction perpendicular to the substrate. This optically negative activity is so selected to compensate the positive optical anisotropy of the nematic liquid crystal when oriented homeotropically in the absence of electric field.

Abstract: New dichroic dyestuffs for the guest-host type liquid crystal and new liquid crystal compositions containing said dyestuff having an excellent improved dichroism and being prepared by introducing at least one group selected from the group consisting of phenyl, cyclohexyl, phenylcarbonyloxy and phenyloxycarbonyl group into a phenyl, a cyclohexyl or a naphthyl group at its 4-position, which is arranged at the end of a known dichroic dyestuff molecule along the major axis of the molecule.

Abstract: A display device for effecting a display of a colored image against a colorless background which has a mixture of a liquid crystal having, disposed between a pair of glass substrates, a positive dielectric anisotropy to serve as a host material and a dichroic dye to serve as a guest material, each of which substrates having a transparent electrode of a required pattern adherently formed on its inner surface, characterized in that at least a portion of said pattern of the transparent electrode on each substrate is subjected to a treatment for causing orientation of the molecules of the liquid crystal in a direction parallel to the plane of the substrate when no voltage is applied, and the remaining portions of said pattern and the inner surface of said substrate to be in contact with the liquid crystal are subjected to a treatment for causing orientation of the molecules of the liquid crystal in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the substrate when no voltage is applied.

Abstract: A method of polishing an electrophotographic photoconductive member, which comprises polishing said surface with polishing particles selected from the group consisting of solid organic polishing particles composed of a polysilsesquioxane having, on its silicon atoms, substituents selected from a lower alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, an aryl group and an aralkyl group; a combination of said solid organic polishing particles and solid inorganic polishing particles; and a combination of solid organic polishing particles composed of polymethylsilsesquioxane and solid inorganic polishing particles.

Abstract: A guest-host type liquid crystal display device not requiring the use of external polarizers, comprises: two guest-host type liquid crystal cells which are superimposed one upon the other and which are constructed in a manner that the liquid crystal molecules contained in the respective cells and located close to the boundary between the two cells are aligned in a direction parallel to the plane of the boundary, but that the direction of alignment of the molecules in one cell is perpendicular to that in the other cell when a voltage is applied, or alternatively when no voltage is applied. In case the perpendicular state is realized when a voltage is applied, the molecules are caused to be rearranged in a direction normal to the substrate by the removal of the applied voltage, whereas in case said state is realized when no voltage is applied, such rearrangement can be achieved by the application of a voltage.

Abstract: A positive-type display device improved in response time and in uniformity of display images is provided. This display device has a cell structure containing a mixture consisting of at least one of nematic liquid crystals having a nematic dielectric anisotropy and at least one of pleochroic dyes in a closed thin space formed by two substrates which are parallel to each other and a spacer which is provided between ends of said two substrates. Each of said two substrates has an electrode film adherently attached to its surface within said closed space, and an alignment film is formed on at least one of said electrode films. The surfaces of said films which are brought into contact with said mixture are subjected to a treatment for orientation of the molecules of said liquid crystals and said dyes in a direction substantially normal to the plane of the substrate when a voltage is not applied.