Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an optical switch element, an optical switch device, an optical communication system, and an optical computer capable of operating even in a temperature range higher than the Néel temperature. An optical switch element (10) according to the present invention includes a substance including a plurality of transition metal elements having electrons in d-orbitals, and a plurality of anions arranged around each of the plurality of transition metal elements, in which the plurality of transition metal elements are arranged in a lattice form, t2g-orbitals into which the d-orbitals of each of the plurality of transition metal elements are split are connected annularly, and in a state in which the substance does not have a long-range magnetic order, the polarization of signal light (L1) is rotated when control light (C1) is applied.

Abstract: A method for forming a conjugate of a substance of interest and a magnetic particle to which a specific binding substance that has an ability to specifically bind to the substance of interest has been bound, the method including (A1) reacting the substance of interest and the magnetic particles in a reaction solution, in which (A1) includes increasing momentum of the magnetic particles in the reaction solution by changing the magnetic field that is exerted on the magnetic particles.

Abstract: A first buffer fluid containing a first bead having fixed to a surface thereof a first antibody that specifically binds to a first antigen is injected into a reaction container, and then a plurality of a second bead having fixed to a surface thereof a second antibody that specifically binds to an optional second antigen, and a biological sample containing an exosome to be analyzed having the first antigen and the second antigen on a surface of the exosome are injected into the reaction container, thereby generating a second buffer fluid. An exosome having the first bead and the second bead bound thereto is collected from the second buffer fluid. The exosome having the first bead and the second bead bound thereto is separated into the first bead, the second bead, and the exosome, and the second bead and the exosome are individually collected.

Abstract: A bicycle operating device comprises a base, a user operated input, a cable actuator and a positioning abutment. The user operated input is movably arranged with respect to the base from a rest position towards an operated position. The cable actuator is movably arranged with respect to the base in response to movement of the user operated input between at least first and second cable holding positions. The positioning abutment is movably supported on the base between at least a first abutment position and a second abutment position. The positioning abutment selectively engages the user operated input to position the user operated input at an adjusted rest position in a state after the user operated input has been moved from the rest position to the operated position. The adjusted rest position is different from the rest position.

Abstract: A bicycle operating device includes a base, a positioning ratchet, a positioning pawl, a user operated member, a first release member and a first release pawl. The positioning pawl engages the positioning ratchet to selectively maintain the positioning ratchet in first and second positions. The user operated member is in a first rest position while the positioning ratchet is in the first position, and in a second rest position while the positioning ratchet is in the second position. The positioning pawl is disengaged from the positioning ratchet by the first release member in response to the user operated member being operated from the second rest position in one of a first direction and a second direction. The first release pawl is provided on the user operated member, and contacts the first release member at the second position to maintain the user operated member at the second rest position.

Abstract: A bicycle operating device includes a base, a positioning ratchet, a positioning pawl, a user operated member, a first release member and a first release pawl. The positioning pawl engages the positioning ratchet to selectively maintain the positioning ratchet in first and second positions. The user operated member is in a first rest position while the positioning ratchet is in the first position, and in a second rest position while the positioning ratchet is in the second position. The positioning pawl is disengaged from the positioning ratchet by the first release member in response to the user operated member being operated from the second rest position in one of a first direction and a second direction. The first release pawl is provided on the user operated member, and contacts the first release member at the second position to maintain the user operated member at the second rest position.

Abstract: A bicycle operating device includes a base member, an actuator arranged to be movable with respect to the base member and having a cable holder, and a user operated input arranged to be movable with respect to the base member to move the actuator. In a state where the actuator is located in a first position, the user operated input moves the actuator from the first position to a second position by being operated with respect to the base member in a first direction. In a state where the actuator is located in the second position, the user operated input moves the actuator from the second position to the first position by being operated in the first direction or a second direction, which differs from the first direction.

Abstract: A bicycle operating device comprises a base, a user operated input, a cable actuator and a positioning abutment. The user operated input is movably arranged with respect to the base from a rest position towards an operated position. The cable actuator is movably arranged with respect to the base in response to movement of the user operated input between at least first and second cable holding positions. The positioning abutment is movably supported on the base between at least a first abutment position and a second abutment position. The positioning abutment selectively engages the user operated input to position the user operated input at an adjusted rest position in a state after the user operated input has been moved from the rest position to the operated position. The adjusted rest position is different from the rest position.

Abstract: A printer includes a printing mechanism, a printer BLT communicator, a printer device communicator capable of communicating with a customer display, and a printer processor for performing printing based on print data in a case where the print data is received and transmits display data to the customer display in a case where the display data is received, in which the printer processor temporarily stops wireless communication by shifting an operation mode of the printer BLT communicator to a Sniff mode to transmit a communication request to the POS terminal device at a communication request interval in a case where a period during which the print data or the display data is not received exceeds a shift period, and changes the communication request interval depending on whether or not the customer display is connected.

Abstract: A bicycle operating device includes a support structure, a release member, a positioning ratchet and a position maintaining pawl. The release member is movable between first and second positions. The positioning ratchet has positioning ratchet teeth that establish predetermined positions. The position maintaining pawl is movable between a ratchet maintaining position and a ratchet releasing position. The position maintaining pawl includes a positioning portion, a holding portion, a release portion and a contact portion. The positioning portion moves away from the positioning ratchet, while the contact portion and the holding portion move toward the positioning ratchet teeth as the release member contacts and moves the release portion away from the release member as the release member moves in a releasing direction. The release portion moves away from the release member in response to movement of the positioning ratchet contacting and moving the contact portion away from the positioning ratchet.

Abstract: A bicycle operating device includes a base member, first and second cable control bodies, first and second positioning mechanisms, an operating member and an input mechanism. The first positioning mechanism selectively maintains the first cable control body in a first predetermined position. The second positioning mechanism selectively maintains the second cable control body in a second predetermined position. The input mechanism moves the first and second cable control bodies between the first and second predetermined positions in accordance with a predetermined operation sequence having a changing point to change operation from the first cable control body to the second cable control body. The input mechanism moves the first cable control body by at least two of the first predetermined positions in a single continuous operation of the operating member. The input mechanism includes a restricting structure that prohibits movement of the first cable control body at the changing point.

Abstract: A bicycle operating device includes a base member, first and second cable control bodies, first and second positioning mechanisms, an operating member and an input mechanism. The first positioning mechanism selectively maintains the first cable control body in a first predetermined position. The second positioning mechanism selectively maintains the second cable control body in a second predetermined position. The input mechanism moves the first and second cable control bodies between the first and second predetermined positions in accordance with a predetermined operation sequence having a changing point to change operation from the first cable control body to the second cable control body. The input mechanism moves the first cable control body by at least two of the first predetermined positions in a single continuous operation of the operating member. The input mechanism includes a restricting structure that prohibits movement of the first cable control body at the changing point.

Abstract: A bicycle operating device includes a base member, an actuator arranged to be movable with respect to the base member and having a cable holder, and a user operated input arranged to be movable with respect to the base member to move the actuator. In a state where the actuator is located in a first position, the user operated input moves the actuator from the first position to a second position by being operated with respect to the base member in a first direction. In a state where the actuator is located in the second position, the user operated input moves the actuator from the second position to the first position by being operated in the first direction or a second direction, which differs from the first direction.

Abstract: A printer includes a printing mechanism, a printer BLT communicator, a printer device communicator capable of communicating with a customer display, and a printer processor for performing printing based on print data in a case where the print data is received and transmits display data to the customer display in a case where the display data is received, in which the printer processor temporarily stops wireless communication by shifting an operation mode of the printer BLT communicator to a Sniff mode to transmit a communication request to the POS terminal device at a communication request interval in a case where a period during which the print data or the display data is not received exceeds a shift period, and changes the communication request interval depending on whether or not the customer display is connected.

Abstract: A bicycle operating device basically includes an operating member and a click mechanism. The click mechanism includes an input part, an output part and an intermediate part. The intermediate part is movable between the input and output parts to transmit movement from the input part to the output part in accordance with movement of the operating member. The intermediate part contacts the input part at a first contact point, and contacts the output part at a second contact point. The intermediate part and the output part define a first angle that decreases as the operating member moves from the first position toward the second position. The first angle has an apex at the second contact point, a first leg extending from the second contact point to a center of the pivot of the output part and a second leg extending from the second contact point to the first contact point.

Abstract: A bicycle operating device comprises a base member, an operating construction, a wire takeup member, a ratchet member, a first pawl, and an actuating member. The wire takeup member is configured to be rotatable relative to the base member about a rotational axis in a first direction and a second direction. The ratchet member has ratchet teeth. The actuating member includes a second pawl. The actuating member is configured to move the first pawl away from the ratchet member and to engage the second pawl with one of the ratchet teeth, in response to a second operation of the operating construction.

Abstract: A bicycle operating device includes a support structure, a release member, a positioning ratchet and a position maintaining pawl. The release member is movable between first and second positions. The positioning ratchet has positioning ratchet teeth that establish predetermined positions. The position maintaining pawl is movable between a ratchet maintaining position and a ratchet releasing position. The position maintaining pawl includes a positioning portion, a holding portion, a release portion and a contact portion. The positioning portion moves away from the positioning ratchet, while the contact portion and the holding portion move toward the positioning ratchet teeth as the release member contacts and moves the release portion away from the release member as the release member moves in a releasing direction. The release portion moves away from the release member in response to movement of the positioning ratchet contacting and moving the contact portion away from the positioning ratchet.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing an engaging force of an engaging member for a bicycle component comprises a first engaging member and a movable second engaging member, wherein the first engaging member engages the second engaging member. A biasing mechanism applies a biasing force to bias the first engaging member and the second engaging member towards each other, wherein the biasing mechanism reduces the biasing force when the second engaging member moves.

Abstract: A shift operating device for a bicycle comprises a mounting member structured to be mounted to the bicycle, a cable coupling member coupled to the mounting member for moving a cable in a cable pulling direction and a cable releasing direction, a positioning unit that selectively maintains the cable coupling member in a plurality of operating positions, a first operating member that moves in a first direction and in a second direction different from the first direction, and a transmission unit that transmits movement of the first operating member to the positioning unit such that the cable coupling member moves from an origin operating position toward a destination operating position when the first operating member moves in either of both the first direction and the second direction.

Abstract: A bicycle operating device basically includes an operating member and a click mechanism. The click mechanism includes an input part, an output part and an intermediate part. The intermediate part is movable between the input and output parts to transmit movement from the input part to the output part in accordance with movement of the operating member. The intermediate part contacts the input part at a first contact point, and contacts the output part at a second contact point. The intermediate part and the output part define a first angle that decreases as the operating member moves from the first position toward the second position. The first angle has an apex at the second contact point, a first leg extending from the second contact point to a center of the pivot of the output part and a second leg extending from the second contact point to the first contact point.