Abstract: Washing items are washed simultaneously with softening washing water comprising alkali metal ion and at least one of carbonate ion and bicarbonate ion. The washing water before being softened is obtained by electrolyzing an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate having a pH of 9.5 or more and an electric conductivity of 150 mS/m or more. The softened washing water has a total hardness of 40 ppm or less.

Abstract: Washing items are washed simultaneously with softening washing water comprising alkali metal ion and at least one of carbonate ion and bicarbonate ion. The washing water before being softened is obtained by electrolyzing an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate having a pH of 9.5 or more and an electric conductivity of 150 mS/m or more. The softened washing water has a total hardness of 40 ppm or less.

Abstract: In a reproducing apparatus, an equalizing system including a plurality of elements to be controlled is arranged to have its equalizing characteristic simply variable by controlling, with a single parameter, the plurality of elements to be controlled. Further, circuit characteristics of the equalizing system which are based on resonance frequencies and quality factors (Q) are controlled by controlling the resonance frequencies and the quality factors (Q) through the control performed with the single parameter over the plurality of elements to be controlled.

Abstract: In a reproducing apparatus, an equalizing system including a plurality of elements to be controlled is arranged to have its equalizing characteristic simply variable by controlling, with a single parameter, the plurality of elements to be controlled. Further, circuit characteristics of the equalizing system which are based on resonance frequencies and quality factors (Q) are controlled by controlling the resonance frequencies and the quality factors (Q) through the control performed with the single parameter over the plurality of elements to be controlled.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell capable of controlling the pH and the ORP independently to each other, comprising an electrolytic chamber (113) to which subject water to be electrolyzed are supplied, membranes (115, 115) provided on the both side walls of the electrolytic chamber, a pair of electrode plates (116, 117) respectively provided inside the electrolyzed chamber and outside the electrolytic chamber sandwiching the membrane therebetween, and wherein the electrode plate (116) is provided outside the electrolytic chamber in contact with the membrane (115) or leaving a slight space.