Abstract: A composition and the method for sustaining the biocidal activity of chlorinated polystyrene hydantoin beads. The method comprises supplying a continuous low level halogen concentration to the chlorinated polystyrene hydantoin beads in the water to be treated that flows in contact with the chlorinated polystyrene hydantoin beads, resulting in treated water suitable for drinking.

Abstract: A composition and the method for sustaining the biocidal activity of chlorinated polystyrene hydantoin beads. The method comprises supplying a continuous low level halogen concentration to the chlorinated polystyrene hydantoin beads in the water to be treated that flows in contact with the chlorinated polystyrene hydantoin beads, resulting in treated water suitable for drinking.

Abstract: A composition and the method for sustaining the biocidal activity of chlorinated polystyrene hydantoin beads. The method comprises supplying a continuous low level halogen concentration to the chlorinated polystyrene hydantoin beads in the water to be treated that flows in contact with the chlorinated polystyrene hydantoin beads, resulting in treated water suitable for drinking.

Abstract: Cyclic amine monomers and polymers and N-halamine biocidal polymer compounds are provided. Methods of making and using the same wherein the functional groups unhalogenated or halogenated hydantoins, triazine diones, imidazolidinones, and pyrimidinones are substituted onto inexpensive polymer units such as polystyrene, polyethylene, and modified polymethacrylamide are provided. The cyclic amine monomers and polymers can be utilized to form the biocidal N-halamine polymers. These N-halamine polymers are stable, insoluble biocides which release only small amounts of free halogen and other impurities. They can be useful as disinfectants for potable water, swimming pools, hot tubs, industrial water systems, cooling towers, air-conditioning systems, gas streams, paints, oils, ointments, fabrics, rubber materials, sterile bandages, coatings, hard surfaces, liners of containers, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for underfill encapsulating a flip chip which is driven by pressure. First, a metal foil is placed on a flip chip that has been connected to a substrate. Then, a downward pressure is applied to the metal foil so as to form a space among the metal foil, the flip chip, and the substrate. Then, an encapsulant is filled into the space under pressure. The chip on which the metal foil has been placed and that has been encapsulated is moved away. Then, another metal foil is placed on another flip chip that has been connected to the substrate to undergo the above-mentioned encapsulation process. Encapsulation of the next chip can begin without waiting the encapsulant packaging the prior chip to cure. Thus, the efficiency of the encapsulating machine can be greatly enhanced, and the conventional problems of encapsulant adhering to the mold can also be solved.

Abstract: Cyclic amine monomers and polymers and N-halamine biocidal polymer compounds are provided. Representative monomers have the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and from C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.10 is a bond or parasubstituted phenyl; and R.sup.11 is cyclic amine unit of a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring selected from the group consisting of: (a) 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dione; (b) 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro(1H)pyrimidin-2-one; and (c) 2-oxazolidinone; R.sup.10 is attached to a linkage carbon of R.sup.11, wherein said linkage carbon of R.sup.11 is a carbon located on the ring of R.sup.11 and is substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, benzyl, and alkyl-substituted benzyl; from 0 to 2 non-linkage carbon members are a carbonyl group; and from 0 to 1 non-linkage carbon member is substituted with a moiety selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Cyclic amine monomers and polymers and N-halamine biocidal polymer compounds are provided. Methods of making and using the same wherein the functional groups unhalogenated or halogenated hydantoins, triazine diones, imidazolidinones, and pyrimidinones are substituted onto inexpensive polymer units such as polystyrene, polyethylene, and modified polymethacrylamide are provided. The cyclic amine monomers and polymers can be utilized to form the biocidal N-halamine polymers. These N-halamine polymers are stable, insoluble biocides which release only small amounts of free halogen and other impurities. They can be useful as disinfectants for potable water, swimming pools, hot tubs, industrial water systems, cooling towers, air-conditioning systems, gas streams, paints, oils, ointments, fabrics, rubber materials, sterile bandages, coatings, hard surfaces, liners of containers, and the like.

Abstract: Substituted 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic amine monomers are provided. Methods of making the same, wherein a polymer is heated under vacuum to crack it into monomeric units and the aceto moiety is converted to a selected moiety, are provided. Monomers including unhalogenated or halogenated hydantoins, triazine diones, imidazolidinones, or pyrimidinones are provided. The heterocyclic amine monomers can be utilized to form biocidal N-halamine polymers which are stable, insoluble biocides which release only small amounts of free halogen and other impurities.

Abstract: Cyclic amine monomers and polymers and N-halamine biocidal polymer compounds are provided. Methods of making and using the same wherein the functional groups unhalogenated or halogenated hydantoins, triazine diones, imidazolidinones, and pyrimidinones are substituted onto inexpensive polymer units such as polystyrene, polyethylene, and modified polymethacrylamide are provided. The cyclic amine monomers and polymers can be utilized to form the biocidal N-halamine polymers. These N-halamine polymers are stable, insoluble biocides which release only small amounts of free halogen and other impurities. They can be useful as disinfectants for potable water, swimming pools, hot tubs, industrial water systems, cooling towers, air-conditioning systems, gas streams, paints, oils, ointments, fabrics, rubber materials, sterile bandages, coatings, hard surfaces, liners of containers, and the like.

Abstract: Cyclic N-halamine biocidal polymer compounds and methods of using the same wherein the functional groups halogenated hydantoins, triazine diones, imidazolidinones, and pyrimidinones are substituted onto inexpensive polymer units such as polystyrene, polyethylene, and modified polymethacrylamide are provided. These N-halamine polymers are stable, insoluble biocides which release only small amounts of free halogen and other impurities. They will be useful as disinfectants for potable water, swimming pools, hot tubs, industrial water systems, cooling towers, air-conditioning systems, gas streams, paints, oils, ointments, fabrics, sterile bandages, coatings, hard surfaces, liners of containers, and the like.