Abstract: A method for depositing copper on a titanium-containing surface of a substrate is provided. The method includes forming a patterned catalyst material on the substrate, such that the titanium-containing surface is exposed in selected regions. The catalyst material has an oxidation half-reaction potential having a magnitude that is greater than a magnitude of a reduction half-reaction potential of titanium dioxide. Copper is then deposited from an electroless solution onto the exposed regions of the titanium-containing surface.

Abstract: A candle composition consisting essentially of about 10 to 90 volume percent of a first paraffin wax with a melting point of 120.degree. to 125.degree. F. and having a maximum of 2 percent oil, about 10 to 90 volume percent of the second paraffin wax with a melting point of 125.degree. to 130.degree. F. and having a maximum of 0.2 percent oil, and about 0.1 volume percent of stretchability enhancer and a method of forming a candle therefrom. A method of forming a candle comprising submerging a plurality of wax pieces consisting essentially of about 10 to 90 volume % paraffin wax with a melting point of 120.degree. F. and having a maximum of 2.0% oil, about 10 to 90 volume % paraffin wax with a melting point of 125.degree. to 130.degree. F. and having a maximum of 0.2% oil and about 0.1 to 1.0 volume % of a stretchability enhancer in water having a temperature between about 100.degree. and 120.degree. F.