Abstract: A method of producing a substrate for an optical surface mount circuit including the steps of forming an optical wave guide in the substrate, wherein the optical wave guide has a zone of refraction gradient decreasing from a central axis thereof toward surrounding portions thereof, and end surfaces of the optical wave guide are exposed to the front surface of the substrate. Portions of the substrate are masked and salts of metallic cations are contacted to the substrate to form the optical wave guide and the end surfaces thereof.

Abstract: An optical surface mounting circuit is provided which does not necessitate alignment of optical axes of optical parts used therein, reduces greatly the number of production steps, enables mass-production of complicated optical circuits, and facilitates designing of optical circuits and changes in the designing. The optical surface mount circuit includes a substrate having optical wave guides and a first guide means positioned and fixed relative to an end surface of the optical wave guide, and an optical part having an optical terminal and a second guide means at the bottom positioned and fixed relative to the optical terminal. The first and the second guide means are engaged and fixed on the front surface of the substrate, and the optical terminal and the end surface of the optical wave guide are optically connected.

Abstract: A light branching device includes a light-focusing transmission body having a refractive index which decreases in proportion to the square of the distance from the plane of its optical axis, and two end faces perpendicular to the optical axis and a substantial light path length equal to an integral multiple of approximately one-half of the pitch at which the light propagates. The ends of a plurality of optical fibers are disposed adjacent to the end faces so that light emanating from one of the optical fibers is dispersed primarily in a plane parallel with the optical axis plane and impinges upon the end of at least one of the other optical fibers for transmission therethrough.

Abstract: An optical isolator maintains the intensity of light traveling therethrough in a forward direction, irrespective of the condition of polarization of the light, while substantially, preventing light having any condition of polarization from traveling therethrough in a reverse direction. The optical isolator generally includes first polarization apparatus to divide an incident light beam into two linearly polarized light beams having their directions of polarization perpendicular to each other, a non-reversible polarizing rotation element to rotate each of said linearly polarized light beams to form two rotated linearly polarized light beams and polarization converting apparatus which, in conjunction with a second polarization apparatus, synthesizes the two rotated linearly polarized light beams.

Abstract: The invention contemplates an improved light-mode separator for orientation in axially offset adjacency to an end of an optical fiber, in a plane perpendicular to the fiber axis; separate concentric regions of the separator about the fiber axis have different light-converging properties such that the convergence point for each light-converging region is (a) offset with respect to the convergence point for each remaining light-converging region, and is also (b) independently externally accessible for focused-energy utilization without masking interference with any other converging light from the separator.

Abstract: A locking device for the scanning mechanism of a laser scriber of the type having a stationary laser head comprises an actuator operable in association with the table drive mechanism and a presser element operable under the action of the actuator to move one of the scanning tables against the guide structure provided for the table to prevent oscillatory or other displacement of the table in its guided direction during the scanning movement of the other table. As a result, a practically true straight line of scan is obtained, thereby eliminating the danger of the laser beam incising the work sheet beyond a definite range of allowance.