Abstract: A small, light and portable sensor for detecting and quantifying a harmful high molecular weight substance present in a sample gas in trace amounts is herein disclosed. In the sensor, light and heavy ions are formed by ionizing molecules of the sample gas components in an ionization region. The heavy ions are formed through an ion-molecule reaction. The passage of ions through an ion-passage control region is controlled by directly or indirectly controlling the electric field established between a central electrode and a counter electrode The ions which pass through the control region are collected on a collector electrode. The high molecular weight substance is detected and quantified on the basis of the output from the collector electrode.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a capacitive differential pressure detector comprising a diaphragm disposed between two electrodes. In a first embodiment, each of the electrodes comprises two conductive plates with an insulator disposed therebetween. Step-like portions are formed in the conductive plate nearest the diaphragm. In a second embodiment, the plate nearest the diaphragm is insulative with a conductive film formed thereon. In a third embodiment, at least one groove is formed in the plate nearest the diaphragm. The groove is formed in a surface of the plate which faces the diaphragm. The groove also intersects a pressure guide hole. In a fourth embodiment, a substrate is disposed on a surface of the plate farthest from said diaphragm. In a fifth embodiment, an insulating layer has the same coefficient of thermal expansion as the conductive plates. In a sixth embodiment, the diaphragm is etched in order to form a circular flexible part, a centrally disposed displacing part, and a bonding part.

Abstract: A pressure detector for measuring the pressure of a pressurized fluid by means of electrostatic capacitance comprising a diaphragm displaceable in response to the pressure, and a pair of fixed electrodes, one of each of the fixed electrodes being located on each side of the diaphragm and being electrostatically capacitively coupled to the diaphragm, each of the fixed electrodes being shaped to essentially eliminate electrostatic capacitances that are not differentially linear with respect to the pressure.

Abstract: An electrostatic capacity type pressure detector having a central diaphragm, which is deformed by pressure, and a fixed electrode on each side of the diaphragm. Each of the fixed electrodes includes a first electrically conductive plate confronting the diaphragm, an insulating plate joined to the first conductive plate, and a second electrically conductive plate joined to the first plate. An annular support joined to the diaphragm and to the insulating plate surrounds but is insulated from the first electrically conductive plate. A hole in the electrode introdues pressure into a space defined by the electrode and the diaphragm.

Abstract: A limited current type oxygen sensor comprises an oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte, a detection element including a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a heater element including a heater. The negative electrode is installed on one of the walls constituting a space communicating with a small hole for restricting the amount of oxygen to diffuse therethrough. The porous positive electrode and the heater are embedded in the oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte layers.

Abstract: A limited current type oxygen sensor comprises a solid electrolyte element formed from material having high oxygen-ion conductivity such as yittria-stabilized zirconia. Electrodes are provided on the top surface and the bottom surface of the element and are formed by calcining a mixture of small ceramic particles that are relatively sinter-retardant as compared with oxygen-ion conducting ceramics, of 200 .ANG. in average particle size fine precious metal particles, and a binder. A cover is provided over the second electrode and the cover includes at least one diffusion orifice that permits ambient gas to diffuse toward the second electrode.

Abstract: A pressure sense recognition control system having at least one pressure sensor module for detecting the two-dimensional distribution of the component forces in the three directions in the rectangular coordinate system of a force applied to the pressure receiving surface of the pressure sensor modules. The pressure sensor module has at least one pressure sensor cell having a pressure sensing member made of single crystal silicon, and a plurality of diffusion type strain gauges provided on the surfaces of the pressure sensing member which are substantially perpendicular to the pressure receiving surface and for detecting the three component forces applied to the pressure surfaces in response to the changes of an output of a bridge composed of the strain gauges. These members are mounted on an object, the drive of which is to be controlled.

Abstract: A carbon monoxide detecting device which exhibits a stepwise change in film current over a preselected range in carbon monoxide concentration is disclosed.According to the present invention, in one embodiment, a first film predominantly of stannic oxide (SnO.sub.2) is formed on an insulating layer, and a second film predominantly of platinum (Pt) is formed on said first film. The second film is of an average film thickness of about 0.3 to 30 platinum atom layers. In another embodiment, gold (Au) is incorporated into said second film, and the second film is of an average film thickness of about 0.3 to 30 platinum atoms and the amount of gold ranges up to 50 atomic percent of the amount of platinum. In a third embodiment, a donor selected from the group consisting of antimony (Sb) and bismuth (Bi) is incorporated into the first film, and an intermediate film predominantly of stannic oxide (SnO.sub.

Abstract: A carbon monoxide detecting apparatus is provided which is substantially unaffected by other coexisting gases in the gas atmosphere being sampled. The present invention includes a first carbon monoxide detecting element, a second carbon monoxide detecting element, and a comparing means. The first carbon monoxide detecting element is responsive to carbon monoxide gas and produces a stepwise change in a first film current over a first preselected range of carbon monoxide gas concentration. The second carbon monoxide detecting element is responsive to carbon monoxide gas and produces a stepwise change in a second film current over a second preselected range of carbon monoxide gas. The comparing means is responsive to the first and second film currents and provides an output difference signal .DELTA.E. The amplitude of the output difference signal .DELTA.E is in accordance with the absolute value difference between the first film current and the second film current.