Abstract: An abrasion-resistant high-chromium type of alloyed white iron, which can be hardened and toughened by refrigeration at sub-zero temperatures, containing as its essential alloying constituents about 2.6% to about 3.6% carbon, about 12% to about 22% chromium, about 0.5% to about 1.1% manganese, about 1.0% to about 3.0% molybdenum, about 0.5% to about 1.5% copper, about equal amounts of nickel and silicon in the range from about 1.4% to about 2.5% of each, and the balance iron along with conventional residual elements and incidental impurities present in usual amounts.

Abstract: Outlet weir of tank is lower than inlet and electrolyte is forced to flow in alternately downward and upward paths between anodes and cathodes at velocities in excess of 10 feet per minute and preferably 20 to 100 feet per minute. Cathodes (or anodes) are spaced from bottom of tank for flow underneath and anodes (or cathodes) have an upper edge of active area over which electrolyte flows, to produce upward and downward paths. Difference of electrolyte level between downward and upward flow cycles is at least 1/4 inch and not more than 6 inches, while spacing between adjacent electrodes is at least 1/4 inch and not more than 3 inches. Levels of upper edges of active areas may be consecutively lower and bottom of tank may slope downwardly to correspond.

Abstract: A tough abrasion-resistant refrigeration-hardenable white cast iron containing as its essential alloying constituents about 2.5% to about 3.5% carbon, about 2.5% to about 3.5% manganese, about 12% to about 22% chromium, about 1% to about 2% silicon, about 1.5% to about 3.0% molybdenum, about 1% to about 2% copper, and the balance iron along with conventional residual elements and incidental impurities present in usual amounts.