Abstract: A flexible, surface electromyographic electrode apparatus is provided for use on a surface of biological tissue to measure bio-electric signals thereof. The electrode apparatus includes a conductive signal electrode device having a signal contact adapted to directly contact the surface of the biological tissue, and a signal transmission portion electrically coupled to the signal contact. A conductive ground electrode device of the electrode apparatus includes a ground contact that is adapted directly contact the surface of the biological tissue. A ground transmission portion of the ground electrode device is electrically coupled to the ground contact. The ground contact is disposed substantially about the signal contact so as to substantially surround a peripheral edge of the signal contact when both are in contact with the tissue surface. An insulation washer device is further disposed between the signal contact and the ground contact to substantially prevent conductive contact therebetween.

Abstract: There is provided a flow cell assembly in which a shuttle supports and positions a capillary with its end extending beyond the shuttle. The flow cell assembly facilitates the replacement of a flow cell which is damaged or with flow cells having capillaries of different size or shape.

Abstract: There is provided a flow cell assembly in which a shuttle supports and positions a capillary with its end extending beyond the shuttle. The flow cell assembly facilitates the replacement of a flow cell which is damaged or with flow cells having capillaries of different size or shape.