Abstract: Various methods and circuital arrangements for protection of a power amplifier (PA) from high input power conditions are presented. According to one aspect, a protection circuit coupled to a stage of the PA limits a current through the stage during the high input power conditions. Limiting of the current is provided by a current limiter circuit that includes a current generator coupled to a current mirror. The current is limited to a high value that is based on a reference current generated by the current generator. In one aspect, the reference current is programmable or variable. In another aspect the protection circuit includes a clamp that limits a low voltage at an output of the current limiter circuit. In another aspect, the protection circuit includes a pre-charge circuit that pre-charges the output of the current limiter circuit. In another aspect a filter is embedded within the current limiter circuit.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining the error vector magnitudes for an RF device by fitting voltage magnitudes to a Rayleigh distribution to produce weighting parameters for an EVM calculation, either in simulation for designing the RF device or as validation measurements from a physical RF device.

Abstract: A power detection system is disclosed that determines a power level of a transmission signal. The power detection system includes an adjustable comparator circuit, an algorithmic state machine, and an output node. The adjustable comparator circuit receives the transmission signal and provides an adjusted transmission signal, and further compares the adjusted transmission signal to a reference signal. The algorithmic state machine iteratively adjusts the adjustable comparator circuit until the adjusted transmission signal is substantially close to the reference signal. The output node is coupled to the algorithmic state machine and provides an output signal that is responsive to the power level of the transmission signal and to the reference signal.

Abstract: An impedance matching system may be used, for example, for impedance matching between a transmitter/receiver front-end and an antenna in a mobile communication device. In a tuneable impedance matching system according to the invention a tuneable impedance matching circuit (508) is used also as a measuring circuit for obtaining a value of a load impedance. A real part and an imaginary part of a load impedance (503) is calculated based on voltages measured on nodes of the tuneable impedance matching circuit and on known component values of the tuneable impedance matching circuit. Values for adjustable electrical components (504, 505) of the tuneable impedance matching circuit are determined based on the obtained load impedance value and on an impedance matching condition.

Abstract: An antenna arrangement including: a coupling element, a conductive element; an extension element for electrically extending the conductive element and a reactive element. A method of creating an antenna arrangement including an antenna element having a first resonant frequency and a first bandwidth, a conductive element, an extension element, for electrically extending the conductive element, having a size and an inductor having an inductance value wherein the extended conductive element has a resonant mode having a second resonant frequency and a second bandwidth, the method including: selecting the size of the extension element, the inductance value and a position of the inductor to tune the resonant mode of the extended conductive element so that the second bandwidth in the region of the first resonant frequency is larger than the first bandwidth in the region of the first resonant frequency.

Abstract: An antenna arrangement including: a coupling element, a conductive element; an extension element for electrically extending the conductive element and a reactive element. A method of creating an antenna arrangement including an antenna element having a first resonant frequency and a first bandwidth, a conductive element, an extension element, for electrically extending the conductive element, having a size and an inductor 40 having an inductance value wherein the extended conductive element has a resonant mode having a second resonant frequency and a second bandwidth, the method including: selecting the size of the extension element, the inductance value and a position of the inductor to tune the resonant mode of the extended conductive element so that the second bandwidth in the region of the first resonant frequency is larger than the first bandwidth in the region of the first resonant frequency.

Abstract: A wireless device antenna is constructed using flex-rigid printed wiring board technology wherein a first main printed wiring board is flexibly connected to a second printed wiring board carrying at least one radiating element having an approximate length, width and pattern defining an intended antenna functionality which may be cellular, non-cellular or both. The first main printed wiring board and the second printed wiring board are flexibly and electrically connected to one another by a flexible element. An RF transmission line formed in the metallization layers common to the first main printed wiring board and the second printed wiring board connect transceiver circuitry carried on the first main printed wiring board to respective radiating elements carried on the second printed wiring board.

Abstract: A wide-band antenna comprises a series-resonant antenna and a resonant circuit. The antenna has a radiative element and a feed pin. The resonant circuit comprises an inductive element connected to the feed pin and a capacitor connected in parallel to the inductive element, which has a center tap for adjusting the impedance of the resonant circuit relative to the antenna impedance. The antenna can be a low-impedance PILA, a helix, monopole, whip, stub or loop antenna. The wide-band antenna can be used for the low (1 GHz range) or high (2 GHz range) band. The antenna can be made to simultaneously cover both 850 & 900 bands with the ground plane small enough to be implemented in a mobile phone or the like. The center tap is either connected to the feed of the antenna or connected to an RF front-end dependent upon the impedance level of the antenna element.

Abstract: A transceiver system having an RF front-end operatively connected to two separate non-50 ohm antennas for separately providing transmission/reception paths for 1 GHz band and for 2 GHz band. A switching module is operatively connected to each antenna for mode and frequency-range selection within each band. Each switching module has a plurality of switching elements connected to a plurality of signal paths. Matching is separately and independently provided for each signal path. The matching can be achieved by using distributed elements or lumped elements arranged in shunt or series in order to widen the bandwidth. An electrostatic discharge protection circuit is provided between the antenna feed point and the switching module. The protective circuit can also be used as a discrete matching network that can be optimized depending on the phone mechanics and dimensions.

Abstract: A wide-band antenna comprises a series-resonant antenna and a resonant circuit. The antenna has a radiative element and a feed pin. The resonant circuit comprises an inductive element connected to the feed pin and a capacitor connected in parallel to the inductive element, which has a center tap for adjusting the impedance of the resonant circuit relative to the antenna impedance. The antenna can be a low-impedance PILA, a helix, monopole, whip, stub or loop antenna. The wide-band antenna can be used for the low (1 GHz range) or high (2 GHz range) band. The antenna can be made to simultaneously cover both 850 & 900 bands with the ground plane small enough to be implemented in a mobile phone or the like. The center tap is either connected to the feed of the antenna or connected to an RF front-end dependent upon the impedance level of the antenna element.

Abstract: A RF front-end having two antenna switches operatively connected to two separate antennas. The antenna switches can be used to route various transmit and receive paths to the antennas. In particular, one of the antenna switches has three switch position for use in selectively routing the 2 GHz receive paths, and another antenna switch has six switch positions for use in selectively routing the 2 GHz transmit paths and the 1 GHz signal paths. With the disclosed topology, the front-end can be used to support GSM and W-CDMA communications in many regional variants in the world. The supported variants include US1, US2, EU1, EU2 and EU/US modes. The same front-end can also be used in BT/WLAN connectivity. For MIMO purposes, one more antenna switch for the 2 GHz receive paths can be added to the same RF front-end.

Abstract: An impedance matching system may be used, for example, for impedance matching between a transmitter/receiver front-end and an antenna in a mobile communication device. In a tuneable impedance matching system according to the invention a tuneable impedance matching circuit (508) is used also as a measuring circuit for obtaining a value of a load impedance. A real part and an imaginary part of a load impedance (503) is calculated based on voltages measured on nodes of the tuneable impedance matching circuit and on known component values of the tuneable impedance matching circuit. Values for adjustable electrical components (504, 505) of the tuneable impedance matching circuit are determined based on the obtained load impedance value and on an impedance matching condition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transceiver device having a switching arrangement and to a method of improving such a switching arrangement, wherein an input impedance of a duplexer means, as seen by a switching means (10) at a predetermined frequency, is transformed to a predetermined maximum or a minimum value. The switching means is used to selectively connect an antenna port to a transmitting and receiving path which leads to the duplexer means (14). The transformation of the input impedance can be achieved by providing a phase shifter (20) between a switching means (10) and the duplexer means (14). Thereby, the phase of the impedance can be optimized for minimal intermodulation distortion and to relax switch linearity requirements, so that the switching means (10) can be used for switching duplex signals.

Abstract: A wireless device antenna is constructed using flex-rigid printed wiring board technology wherein a first main printed wiring board is flexibly connected to a second printed wiring board carrying at least one radiating element having an approximate length, width and pattern defining an intended antenna functionality which may be cellular, non-cellular or both. The first main printed wiring board and the second printed wiring board are flexibly and electrically connected to one another by a flexible element. An RF transmission line formed in the metallization layers common to the first main printed wiring board and the second printed wiring board connect transceiver circuitry carried on the first main printed wiring board to respective radiating elements carried on the second printed wiring board.

Abstract: The combination of filters and switches is used to solve the non-linearity problems in GSM/W-CDMA transceiver front-end wherein one common antenna is used for both the GSM mode and the W-CDMA mode. In particular, separate Rx/Tx paths and switches in the Rx paths are used to provide cross-band isolation between bands. All of the switches in the transceiver are disposed after the filters in that no switches are disposed between the filters and the antenna. Furthermore, bandpass filters are matched to one common node even if they are only disconnected at the output as long as the impedance at the output can be controlled.

Abstract: A RF front-end having two antenna switches operatively connected to two separate antennas. The antenna switches can be used to route various transmit and receive paths to the antennas. In particular, one of the antenna switches has three switch position for use in selectively routing the 2 GHz receive paths, and another antenna switch has six switch positions for use in selectively routing the 2 GHz transmit paths and the 1 GHz signal paths. With the disclosed topology, the front-end can be used to support GSM and W-CDMA communications in many regional variants in the world. The supported variants include US1, US2, EU1, EU2 and EU/US modes. The same front-end can also be used in BT/WLAN connectivity. For MIMO purposes, one more antenna switch for the 2 GHz receive paths can be added to the same RF front-end.