Abstract: Provided is a device and method of determining the thickness of accumulating scale on surfaces exposed to a liquid media. More particularly, it is a method for determining the comparable accumulation of scale such as, calcium or magnesium and carbonate, oxalate, sulfate, or phosphate scale, on cold or hot surfaces in water process applications.

Abstract: Provided is a device and method of determining the thickness of accumulating scale on surfaces exposed to a liquid media. More particularly, it is a method for determining the comparable accumulation of scale such as, calcium or magnesium and carbonate, oxalate, sulfate, or phosphate scale, on cold or hot surfaces in water process applications.

Abstract: Improved apparatus for dewatering or washing a suspension of paper pulp in which first and second rolls are rotatably mounted with an endless loop of wire tensioned around the rolls, and in which a headbox delivers a pulp suspension to be thickened or washed and positioned with an outlet to discharge the pulp suspension into or onto the wire as it approaches the first roll, and in which the washed or dewatered pulp is collected after it has passed between the wire and a second roll, in which the first roll has a central shaft, and screw flighting on the shaft formed in left and right-hand sections are terminated at cylindrical discs mounted at opposite ends of the shaft, and in which the screw flighting has a depth which is substantially greater than the maximum thickness of the pulp layer and in which the aggregate open area between the screw flights is substantially greater than the cross-sectional area of the headbox outlet to assure that the spaces between the flights can be no more than partially filled

Abstract: Apparatus and method for thickening a suspension of solid particles in liquid employs three rolls ranged in spaced relation with their axes defining a triangle, and a single loop of wire is trained around and in wrapping relation with all three rolls. With one exception, each of the rolls has in combination therewith a headbox which delivers a flow of the suspension to be thickened in such manner that it is trapped between the wire and the portion of the roll wrapped by the wire so that the trapped suspension is dewatered and concentrated by expression of liquid through the wire. The pulp deposited on the inside of the wire at each of the stations comprising a roll and headbox is ultimately collected from the surface of the one roll having no headbox and is transported out from within the space within the wire loop.

Abstract: Apparatus for screening papermaking stock comprises two annular flat screening plates arranged in parallel spaced relation to form a screening chamber therebetween which is bounded on its outer periphery by a cylindrical wall, and wherein a rotor includes vane portions which extend into this screening chamber to agitate the stock so that particles of sufficiently small size can pass through the screening plates into annular compartments outside the screening plates from which they flow into a peripheral chamber having an outlet port. The screening chamber includes an annular space which is surrounded by the accepts chamber and is radially beyond the vane portions of the rotor wherein reject material collects for discharge through an outlet tube which extends through the accepts chamber to the outside of the apparatus.

Abstract: In apparatus for thickening a suspension of pulp material which includes an endless foraminous belt wrapping two spaced horizontally supported rolls, a special doctor mechanism is provided for transferring thickened pulp from the bare surface of the second roll into a trough mounted in the space bounded by the two rolls and the upper and lower runs of the belt. More specifically, the doctor mechanism includes a rigid doctor blade mounted with its working edge in close but spaced relation with the bare surface of the roll to remove pulp therefrom without contact with the roll surface. Provision is also made for periodically oscillating the blade about a horizontal axis to move its working edge away from and back to its closely spaced working relation with the roll.

Abstract: A system for separating paper fibers from contaminants of similar lower specific gravities employs a reverse centrifugal cleaner wherein the discharge port for lights (reject) is located at the apex of the internally conical cleaner body and is formed by a tube which has it inner end located in the open apex end of the cleaner body and of smaller diameter to define with the end of the body an annular discharge outlet for heavies (accepts), the tube being releasably secured in position so that it can be temporarily retracted to relieve blockage of the heavies outlet.

Abstract: A system and method for separating paper fibers from contaminants of lower specific gravities employ a reverse centrifugal cleaner wherein the inlet port is of substantially greater flow area than previously used or proposed for either normal or reverse centrifugal cleaning, each of the apex and base ports are of greater flow area than the inlet port, and the discharge flows are controlled to provide an accepts flow through the apex port which is less than the reject flow through the base port. The system provides substantial advantages over prior practice, particularly in the areas of both capital and operating costs, capacity, and cleaning efficiency in terms of the energy requirements for given tonnage of accepted fiber.