Abstract: A fail-safe control system includes one or more circuits for detecting failures in sensors and an actuator of a driving force distribution control system of a 4WD vehicle, and a fail-safe means which, if a failure is detected, gradually disengage a transfer clutch until the 2WD state is reached, in such a gradual manner as to prevent spin or drift-out of the vehicle. The fail-safe means may decrease the magnitude of an electric control signal gradually, or may employ a fail-safe valve for gradually decreasing a fluid pressure supplied to the transfer clutch.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a floating caliper type disc brake which can solve or at least minimize the uncomfortable brake noise. In order to achieve this noise reduction, the caliper has three nonsymmetrically arranged finger portions for pressing an outer brake shoe against the face of the disc rotor.

Abstract: A single brake cylinder for directly loading an inner pad against a disc, and a yoke for indirectly loading an outer pad against the disc are both swingable, respectively, about a cylinder pivot axis and a yoke pivot axis which are both substantially parallel to the disc, and parallel or coincident with each other. When the brake is applied, the cylinder swings in one direction and the yoke swings in the opposite direction in such a manner that the trailing portion of each pad is loaded with a greater force to reduce brake noise.