Abstract: A tape recorder includes a stop mechanism for automatically stopping tape running when a tape in a magnetic tape cassette reaches a final end. A final end alarm generating mechanism for detecting the tape at the final end generates an alarm sound. A switch is provided selectively switching the final end alarm generating mechanism and the automatic stop mechanism.

Abstract: A motor apparatus includes a motor, a first circuit for sensing a back electromotive force of the motor to provide a first signal, a second circuit for sensing a rotation speed of the motor to provide a second signal, a third circuit responsive to the first and second signals to provide a third signal corresponding to the first and second signals, and a fourth circuit for feeding to the motor a drive current with a magnitude corresponding to the third signal.The motor and the first to fourth circuits jointly form a negative feedback loop for setting up a proportional relationship of the second signal to the product of rotation speed and output torque of the motor. The second circuit changes the second signal proportionally to the rotation speed of the motor.

Abstract: A power supply device for use in a superminiature tape recorder is disclosed. The device comprises a reference voltage generator circuit for generating an output therefrom in response to a reference voltage, a constant-current circuit for generating a constant current to obtain the reference voltage, a starting circuit for supplying a starting current to the constant current circuit and for branching a part of the starting current, and an electronic switch for causing flow of starting current therein so as to turn the constant-current circuit OFF.

Abstract: A starting circuit for an electronically controlled actuator having an integration capacitor provided in a control signal path and a power supply circuit for supplying a power supply voltage to the motor apparatus, comprises a comparator having first and second given voltages, and a switch circuit coupled to the comparator and to the integration capacitor. The comparator compares the power supply voltage with the first and second given voltages and provides a comparison result when the power supply voltage corresponds to a voltage range between the first and second given voltages. The switch circuit discharges the charge stored in the integration capacitor when the comparison result is provided from the comparator.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus which includes a pulse generator for providing a first signal for specifying the operational condition of a motor, and a motor driver for providing a second signal for driving the motor when the first signal is at a first level and providing a second signal when the first signal is at a second level. The motor control apparatus further includes a comparator, which compares the back electromotive force of the motor with a reference level when the first signal is at the second level and providing a third signal when the back electromotive force is within a given level range prescribed by the reference level. A switch circuit closes a circuit path through which a back electromotive force current produced by the back electromotive force flows when the second and third signals are provided, thereby applying electromagnetic braking with respect to the rotation of the motor.

Abstract: A control device for multispeed motor having a first circuit for providing a detection signal whose period corresponds to a rotation speed of the motor, a trigger pulse generator connected to the first circuit for generating a trigger pulse corresponding to the detection signal, and a second circuit connected between the trigger pulse generator and the motor for providing a drive signal in accordance with the trigger pulse. The motor, first circuit, trigger pulse generator and second circuit form a closed negative feedback loop.

Abstract: Disclosed is a motor control apparatus which includes a pulse generator for producing a first signal as a pulse signal having a period corresponding to the rotational speed of a motor, a timer for producing a second signal inverted to a first level in response to the first signal and subsequently inverted to a second level after the lapse of a predetermined period of time, a phase compensator for producing a third signal obtained through a phase advance type phase compensation for the second signal, a voltage/current converter for supplying and receiving a first current signal and a second current signal in accordance with the level of the third signal, an integrator for producing an output signal obtained through the integration of the first and second current signals, and a buffer for driving the motor in accordance with the level of the output signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting an in-focused condition of optical systems by using two values of indices of performance each derived from the number of differences between illumination signals obtained per picture element, comprising first and second image sensors arranged in front of and in the rear of a focal plane of the optical system, first and second analog data processing circuits, and a comparing means.

Abstract: A reversed image sensing apparatus comprising an image sensor composed of a charge transfer element including photosensitive elements arranged in a picture element unit, an optical system including a focusing lens and a light source and focusing an image recorded on a recording medium onto said image sensor, a voltage inverting circuit operative to receive the output video signal from said image sensor and produce a reversed video signal, a photosensitive element operative to detect the brightness of said light source, and a compensating circuit operative to automatically correct said reversed video signal on the basis of the brightness signal delivered from said photosensitive element in response to charge in said light source.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the in-focusing conditions for use in an optical machinery such as cameras, microscopes or endoscopes is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a light receiver arranged with an angle of inclination against an image surface of an optical system and consisting of a plurality of charge transfer elements aligned as a picture element array; means for deriving illuminance signals from the picture element array of the light receiver and means for treating the illuminance signals to detect the in-focused position of the optical system.

Abstract: A photometric system for use in an image pick-up device is disclosed. The photometric system comprises the steps of forming an image focussed by a camera lens system on a light receiver consisting of a plurality of charge transfer elements arranged in a picture element array; selectively deriving luminance signals of amplitude having a value within a range of about .+-.2 exposure values around a reference exposure value corresponding to a mean value between a maximum value and a minimum value of the amplitude of the luminance signals; and seeking a mean value of the selected luminance signals to photometrically measure the light of automatically selected portions on the average.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the in-focusing conditions is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a light guide member having light incident end arranged along a plane which is placed at an angle of inclination against a predetermined focal plane of an optical system; a light receiver arranged near a light outlet end of the light guide member and consisting of a plurality of charge transfer elements arranged to receive light from the outlet end as a picture element array; means for deriving illuminance signals from the picture element array of the light receiver; and means for treating the illuminance signals to detect the in-focused position of the optical system.

Abstract: A projection apparatus for optical systems such as a projection type microscope or the like, which is adapted to project an image of a sample disposed on a movable stage onto a television monitor screen and display it thereon, and which comprises an image sensor composed of a charge transfer element including photosensitive elements aligned with a picture element and operative to receive the image of the sample to be projected; a driving circuit for scanning the image sensor; a television monitor for displaying a video signal obtained from the image sensor when it is scanned by the driving circuit; a memory device for storing the television signal; a stage movement detecting circuit for detecting the movement of the stage; a timer circuit for generating a signal everytime a given time elapses; and a drive control circuit device, when the stage is moving, becomes operative to operate the driving circuit on the basis of the output from the stage movement detecting circuit so as to scan the image sensor everytim

Abstract: A tape recorder apparatus comprises a tape recorder internally housing a power source and a pause switch for controlling a drive system, and an adaptor including connecting elements for coupling with the tape recorder without the use of an electrical cord, and a switch for controlling the operation of the tape recorder. The aforesaid switch and a pause switch are connected in parallel with each other across the power source. When the adaptor is connected with the tape recorder, the pause switch is turned off, whereby only the drive system of the tape recorder is controlled by the first mentioned switch.