Abstract: The new organic electroluminescent display device has a carrier-transporting layer and/or an organic luminous layer composed of a nematic liquid crystal or a liquid crystal dispersing a carrier-transporting low-molecule therein. When the organic luminous layer is to be bestowed with faculty as a liquid crystal, it is made of a nematic liquid crystal. Both the carrier-transporting layer and the organic luminous layer may be bestowed with faculty as a liquid crystal. Since the liquid crystal is incorporated in the carrier-transporting layer and/or the organic luminous layer, the display device can be driven as a liquid crystal display device in a dark place by charging with a voltage lower than a light emission initiating potential. Of course, it is driven as an electroluminescent display device when it is charged with a voltage higher than the light emission initiating potential. Use of an electroluminescent liquid crystal as a organic luminous layer enables omission of a carrier-transporting layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display device includes organic electroluminescent films, each containing organic electroluminescent materials and sandwiched by a pair of electrodes, each forming a plurality of light-emitting elements above a substrate. Each pixel of the display device is composed of two different colors light-emitting elements, and the chromaticity of each color is controlled by changing the concentration of organic electroluminescent materials or by adding foreign materials thereto. For example, if the chromaticity of the red light-emitting element is set to a value shifted toward green side, various colors including white can be produced by mixing this red with blue of the blue light-emitting element. Then, the organic electroluminescent display device can produce high-quality quasi-color images by mixing two colors of which chromaticity values are properly controlled. By virtue of a two-color structure, the aperture ratio becomes high and the manufacturing process becomes simple.

Abstract: The new organic electroluminescent display device has a carrier-transporting layer and/or an organic luminous layer composed of a nematic liquid crystal or a liquid crystal dispersing a carrier-transporting low-molecule therein. When the organic luminous layer is to be bestowed with faculty as a liquid crystal, it is made of a nematic liquid crystal. Both the carrier-transporting layer and the organic luminous layer may be bestowed with faculty as a liquid crystal. Since the liquid crystal is incorporated in the carrier-transporting layer and/or the organic luminous layer, the display device can be driven as a liquid crystal display device in a dark place by charging with a voltage lower than a light emission initiating potential. Of course, it is driven as an electroluminescent display device when it is charged with a voltage higher than the light emission initiating potential. Use of an electroluminescent liquid crystal as a organic luminous layer enables omission of a carrier-transporting layer.

Abstract: The new organic electroluminescent display device has a carrier-transporting layer and/or an organic luminous layer composed of a nematic liquid crystal or a liquid crystal dispersing a carrier-transporting low-molecule therein. When the organic luminous layer is to be bestowed with faculty as a liquid crystal, it is made of a nematic liquid crystal. Both the carrier-transporting layer and the organic luminous layer may be bestowed with faculty as a liquid crystal. Since the liquid crystal is incorporated in the carrier-transporting layer and/or the organic luminous layer, the display device can be driven as a liquid crystal display device in a dark place by charging with a voltage lower than a light emission initiating potential. Of course, it is driven as an electroluminescent display device when it is charged with a voltage higher than the light emission initiating potential. Use of an electroluminescent liquid crystal as a organic luminous layer enables omission of a carrier-transporting layer.

Abstract: The new organic electroluminescent display device has a carrier-transporting layer and/or an organic luminous layer composed of a nematic liquid crystal or a liquid crystal dispersing a carrier-transporting low-molecule therein. When the organic luminous layer is to be bestowed with faculty as a liquid crystal, it is made of a nematic liquid crystal. Both the carrier-transporting layer and the organic luminous layer may be bestowed with faculty as a liquid crystal. Since the liquid crystal is incorporated in the carrier-transporting layer and/or the organic luminous layer, the display device can be driven as a liquid crystal display device in a dark place by charging with a voltage lower than a light emission initiating potential. Of course, it is driven as an electroluminescent display device when it is charged with a voltage higher than the light emission initiating potential. Use of an electroluminescent liquid crystal as a organic luminous layer enables omission of a carrier-transporting layer.

Abstract: In an organic EL device having a lower electrode, an upper electrode, and an organic light-emitting functional layer provided between the lower and upper electrodes and containing at least a light-emitting layer, the organic EL device formed on a substrate is sealed with a transparent passivation film and a color filter is provided on the passivation film. The organic EL device can be formed thinly. In an active drive type organic EL device having a TFT provided between the substrate and the organic light-emitting functional layer, the color filter can be set after the organic EL device is sealed with the passivation film. In addition to improvement in numerical aperture and contrast, deterioration of the color filter caused by a high-temperature process for production of the TFT can be avoided.

Abstract: The new organic electroluminescent display device has a carrier-transporting layer and/or an organic luminous layer composed of a nematic liquid crystal or a liquid crystal dispersing a carrier-transporting low-molecule therein. When the organic luminous layer is to be bestowed with faculty as a liquid crystal, it is made of a nematic liquid crystal. Both the carrier-transporting layer and the organic luminous layer may be bestowed with faculty as a liquid crystal. Since the liquid crystal is incorporated in the carrier-transporting layer and/or the organic luminous layer, the display device can be driven as a liquid crystal display device in a dark place by charging with a voltage lower than a light emission initiating potential. Of course, it is driven as an electroluminescent display device when it is charged with a voltage higher than the light emission initiating potential. Use of an electroluminescent liquid crystal as a organic luminous layer enables omission of a carrier-transporting layer.

Abstract: An organic electoroluminescent display device includes organic electroluminescent films, each containing organic electroluminescent materials and sandwiched by a pair of electrodes, each forming a plurality of light-emitting elements above a substrate. Each pixel of the display device is composed of two different colors light-emitting elements, and the chromaticity of each color is controlled by changing the concentration of organic electroluminescent materials or by adding foreign materials the reto. For example, if the chromaticity of the red light-emitting element is set to a value shifted toward green side, various colors including white can be produced by mixing this red with blue of the blue light-emitting element. Then, the organic electroluminescent display device can produce high-quality quasi-color images by mixing two colors of which chromaticity values are properly controlled. By virtue of a two-color structure, the aperture ratio becomes high and the manufacturing process becomes simple.

Abstract: The new organic electroluminescent display device has a carrier-transporting layer 3 and/or an organic luminous layer 4 composed of a nematic liquid crystal or a liquid crystal dispersing a carrier-transporting low-molecule therein. When the organic luminous layer 4 is to be bestowed with faculty as a liquid crystal, it is made of a nematic liquid crystal. Both the carrier-transporting layer 3 and the organic luminous layer 4 may be bestowed with faculty as a liquid crystal. Since the liquid crystal is incorporated in the carrier-transporting layer 3 and/or the organic luminous layer 4, the display device can be driven as a liquid crystal display device in a dark place by charging with a voltage lower than a light emission initiating potential. Of course, it is driven as an electroluminescent display device when it is charged with a voltage higher than the light emission initiating potential.

Abstract: Disclosure is a process for producing a luminous element of III-group nitride semiconductor having a crystal layer (Al.sub.x Ga.sub.1-x).sub.1-y In.sub.y N (0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1) to which a II-group element is added, comprising the steps of forming a crystal layer (Al.sub.x Ga.sub.1-x).sub.1-y In.sub.y N (0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1) to which a II-group element is added; irradiating a low energy electron beam onto a topmost surface of the crystal layer to reform only the crystal layer; forming a thin film for absorbing optical energy on the topmost surface of the crystal layer; and pulse-heating the thin film for absorbing optical energy by heating means to reform only the crystal layer, thereby to produce a bluish green, blue or UV light emitting diode or a semiconductor laser diode with a high precision color purity.

Abstract: A fiber wavelength modulator device which emits a secondary harmonic component by Cerenkov radiation, including a core being a single crystal of a non-linear optical material and a cladding being composed of glass, wherein the relative difference between the core and the cladding has a refraction index with respect to an incident beam, of at lesat 0.015.

Abstract: An acoustic vibrating element, such a domed speaker diaphragm A or a phonographic pickup cantilever B, is formed by vapor deposition on an easily separable mold member 5 of tantalum or tantalum alloy when a mixture of a hydrocarbon gas and an inert gas is passed through a furnace heated to a temperature of 1150.degree. C.-1250.degree. C. at a flow rate in excess of 200 cm/min. The c-axis crystalline orientation of the resulting graphite element is substantially perpendicular to its surface, which provides a Young's modulus above 16,000 Kg/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: A method of surface hardening a substrate made of an inorganic material by diffusing a different inorganic material into the substrate is disclosed wherein the diffusion is effected in an alkali metal gas atmosphere. The substrate may be made of titanium, zirconium, iron, yttrium, tungsten, tantalum or a material containing one of those elements as a principle component. The diffusion material may be boron, silicon or a material containing one of those elements. The alkali metal gas atmosphere is produced by heating metallic sodium, potassium, lithium or a combination thereof. The surface hardened substrate produced according to the method exhibits an increased Young's modulus of elasticity, hardness and mechanical strength and is particularly suitable in the manufacture of electro-acoustic diaphragms as well as other light weight, high mechanical strength articles.

Abstract: A magnetic head having one or more magneto-electric converting elements, such as Hall elements, and comprising plural leads which are used, when the magnetic head is manufactured, for measuring the amount of head material ground away between a front surface of the magnetic head and the front edge of the magneto-electric converting element in order to control a two-stage grinding operation on the head.