Abstract: An engine combustion control apparatus includes a pressure sensor provided at each of the cylinders in an engine, for detecting the pressure in each cylinder, and a controller for calculating the state variables of the intake amount and combustion temperature in each cylinder, based on the detected pressure values, and for controlling the operational variables such as the fuel amount to be injected, fuel injection timing, and so forth, based on the calculated state variables.

Abstract: An air-assist fuel injection system controls the supply of compressed air to the fuel injectors according to the operating status of internal combustion engine. For cold start operation, compressed air is supplied continuously to the injectors; while, for partial load (cruising) and partial acceleration, air is supplied as a pulsating (air volume control) flow consisting of air pulses coincident with the injected fuel pulses. On the other hand, for acceleration and deceleration, the supply of compressed air to the injectors may be inhibited. Further, idle speed control can be achieved using the air-assist to the fuel injectors, thereby eliminating need for a separate idle speed control valve. To enhance system operation, a fuel injector may be employed in which both the fuel and the applied compressed air are swirled, but in opposite directions, so as to achieve a fuel spray of small particle size.

Abstract: An air-assist fuel injection system controls the supply of compressed air to the fuel injectors according to the operating status of internal combustion engine. For cold start operation, compressed air is supplied continuously to the injectors; while, for partial load (cruising) and partial acceleration, air is supplied as a pulsating (air volume control) flow consisting of air pulses coincident with the injected fuel pulses. On the other hand, for acceleration and deceleration, the supply of compresseed air to the injectors may be inhibited. Further, idle speed control can be achieved using the air-assist to the fuel injectors, thereby eliminating need for a separate idle speed control valve. To enhance system operation, a fuel injector may be employed in which both the fuel and the applied compressed air are swirled, but in opposite directions, so as to achieve a fuel spray of small particle size.

Abstract: An air-fuel mixture supply apparatus for a internal combustion engine in which the quantity of air sucked into each cylinder is measured and fuel of the quantity proportional to the measured air quantity is supplied into the measured air flow to thereby control the concentration of the air-fuel mixture exactly.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines is disclosed, in which a transducer is vibrated by an electrostrictive device, and the fuel is atomized by a vibration surface at the part of the transducer where the amplitude thereof is maximum. The transducer has a path for transporting the fuel to the vibration surface. The fuel transport path may have midway thereof a valve member with a valve seat adapted to rise for opening the transport path when a predetermined vibration is exerted on the transducer.

Abstract: An air injector is provided in the vicinity of a fuel injector. By the fuel injector and the air injector, the droplet diameter of a gasoline spray included an air-fuel mixture supplied to a cylinder of the engine is controlled. When the fuel injector is operated during a suction stroke of a gasoline engine, the droplet diameter of the gasoline spray supplied to a portion if the cylinder in a vicinity of a discharge electrode of a spark plug is controlled to have a predetermined value, such as substantially 40 .mu.m. Since the droplet diameter of the gasoline spray is controlled voluntarily, the air-fuel mixture of the gasoline spray size having a good ignition characteristic property is distributed selectively in the vicinity of the discharge electrode of the spark plug. A stable ignition condition for the engine is maintained without the occurrence of knocking, and an engine having a high thermal efficiency is obtained.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines is disclosed, in which transducer is vibrated by an electrostrictive device, and the fuel is atomized by a vibration surface at the part of the transducer where the amplitude thereof is maximum. The transducer has a path or transporting the fuel to the vibration surface. The fuel transport path may have midway thereof a valve member with a valve seat adapted to rise for opening the transport path when a predetermined vibration is exerted on the transducer.

Abstract: In controlling fuel injection and ignition timing in an internal combustion engine operating on a fuel mixture, such as gasoline and methanol, consideration must be given to the mixture ratio of the fuel mixture in determining air/fuel ratio and ignition timing, as well as in controlling the atomizing of the injected fuel. Fuel injection time is determined in accordance with air/fuel ratio, which is calculated in accordance with the expressionA/F=14.8-0.0853Pfor a fuel mixture of gasoline and methanol, where P is the mixture ratio of methanol. In addition, to enhance cold start performance, a droplet size of injected fuel below 100.mu. is desired, and this may be achieved using a heating element whose surface temperature is controlled in accordance with the mixture ratio P or by injecting compressed air with the injected fuel in an amount determined by the mixture ratio P, or both.

Abstract: A liquid atomizer utilizes a plurality of laminated piezoelectric elements for converting electrical oscillation into mechanical vibration, a circuit for generating resonance frequency of a low DC voltage, the circuit being electrically connected to the piezoelectric elements and including a charging circuit for forcibly causing electric charge based on said DC resonance frequency voltage to flow from a DC power source into the laminated piezoelectric elements and a discharge circuit for forcibly causing electric charge stored in the laminated piezoelectric elements to be discharged.

Abstract: A fuel injection supply system for an internal combustion engine provided with an even number more than four cylinders. The first intake manifold is connected to the first cylinder group comprising one half of the cylinders and the second intake manifold is connected to the second cylinder group comprising the other half of the cylinders. A passage collector member is provided which collects the intake passages so as to communicate the intake ports of the first and second manifolds each other, and the first fuel supply device is disposed at the converging portion of the first intake manifold and the second fuel supply device is disposed at the converging portion of the second intake manifold.

Abstract: A tubular trembler supported on an ultrasonic vibrator is disposed almost on an axis in an engine intake pipe and has a fuel passing-through hole in the wall thereof. A fuel jet tip of the electromagnetic injection valve is disposed so as to face the fuel passing-through hole so as to jet the fuel divergently against an inside wall of the tubular trembler through the fuel passing-through hole. The fuel is injected against the inside wall of the trembler through the fuel passing-through hole and is atomized. When the fuel is jetted into the fuel passing-through hole from the fuel jet tip, the relative distance from the fuel jet tip to the inside edge of the fuel passing-through hole is determined so that most of the injected fuel will strike the inner wall of the tubular trembler, within the dimensions determined by the bore, the fuel passing-through hole, the inside diameter and the length of the tubular trembler and the angle of the spread of the injected fuel.

Abstract: The combustion, especially a lean mixture, in an internal combustion engine is improved by providing an additional air introducing device. The device comprises an air by-pass pipe introducing additional air independently from the airflow through an intake manifold and having its outlet in the manifold at the vicinity of an intake valve and an air by-pass valve for adjusting the flow rate of the additional air through the by-pass pipe according to operational conductions of the engine. As a consequence, during the suction stroke of a cylinder, additional air, stagnated in the vicinity of the intake valve, is at first drawn in and then an air-fuel mixture supplied by a fuel injector is supplied to the cylinder. Accordingly, the stratification of combustible fluid is performed within the cylinder, in which an ignition plug is exposed to an upper phase formed by the mixture.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder fuel atomizer for automobiles which includes an electromechanical transducer disposed between a concentrated cylinder arranged in a suction passage and respective suction pipes independently branched from the concentrated cylinder to corresponding cylinders. A horn ring vibrator is fixed to an end of the electromechanical transducer and is partly exposed to the suction pipes. The fuel injector is arranged upstream of the electrical mechanical transducer and is adapted to inject fuel to the horn ring vibrator, with the fuel being atomized by vibrations of the horn ring vibrator.

Abstract: A fuel dispensing device used in an internal combustion engine comprises a throttle valve, engine operating state sensors, a control circuit producing engine control signals in response to the outputs of the sensors, a pair of intake tubes connected to an intake passage on the downstream side of the throttle valve, with each of the tubes branching at its downstream end into two parts connected to two of cylinders of the engine, an atomizer including a pair of cylindrical atomizer rings disposed in the intake tube pair and a driver for vibrating the atomizer rings in response to a control signal from the control circuit, and a pair of injection valves disposed by the respective atomizer rings. The injection valves operate to inject the fuel in response to the control signal onto the inner wall of the respective atomizer rings, so that the fuel is atomized by the vibration of the atomizer rings, while intermixing with air, and delivered to the respective cylinders.

Abstract: In a fuel feeding apparatus of the type in which a vibrating element is vibrated by an electro-mechanical transducer converting electrical oscillation into mechanical vibration, and fuel injected from a fuel feeding part is directed to impinge against and atomized by the vibrating element, the frequency of the electrical oscillation applied to the transducer is changed at a predetermined period to promote atomization of fuel.

Abstract: A control apparatus includes an air-fuel ratio sensor for detecting an oxygen content over a wide range of operating conditions from a light load operation to a high load operation of an engine and the sensor is utilized so as to establish the desired air-fuel ratio such that the air-fuel ratio (.lambda.) becomes .lambda.>1, .lambda.=1 or .lambda.<1, respectively in the light, intermediate or high load operating region of the engine and the output of the air-fuel ratio sensor is utilized so as to feedback control the air-fuel ratio over the wide range of operating conditions and thereby maintain the desired air-fuel ratio in each of the operating regions.

Abstract: An engine control apparatus of fuel supply preferential type in which the rate of fuel supply is controlled in accordance with the amount of operation of an accelerator pedal and the operation condition of the engine, and the opening of the throttle valve is controlled in accordance with a command opening which is determined by the rate of the fuel supply is disclosed. For ensuring a good air-fuel ratio control, the control apparatus comprises first closed loop control adapted to detect the throttle valve opening and to effect a control to make the throttle valve opening converge at the command opening and second closed loop control adapted to detect the air-flow ratio of the air-fuel mixture fed to the engine wth air-fuel ratio sensor which detects oxygen concentration in the exhaust gases from the engine and to effect a control to make the air-fuel ratio converge at a command air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: An air flow rate measuring apparatus in which an air flow sensor whose electric characteristic varies with the rate of air flowing by the sensor is supported on a heat-insulating support member and located in a bypass tube provided in the vicinity of the main venturi of an internal combustion engine, whereby the air flow sensor is isolated from adverse thermal influences so as to reduce an error in measuring air flow rate.

Abstract: A hot-wire type flow velocity meter having a heat generating electric resistor and a supporting member for supporting the electric resistor. Shielding means are provided to shield the supporting member to prevent the change of heat transfer from the supporting portion to the fluid around the supporting portion due to a change in the flow velocity, thereby to eliminate the error in the flow velocity measurement.

Abstract: A control system including a microprocessor for controlling the controlled variables of an internal combustion engine, especially, the flow rate of fuel is disclosed. An air flow meter provides an output signal having such a non-linear characteristic relative to the flow rate of intake air that the signal level increases in the region of the small flow rate of intake air. The microprocessor carries out necessary digital computation on the basis of the output signal of the air flow meter to provide a fuel flow rate control signal. This digital control signal is converted into a signal having a linear characteristic proportional to the flow rate of intake air, or after having been produced from the microprocessor, converted into a signal including information proportional to the flow rate of intake air.