Abstract: An antagonism caused by the use of a herbicide for narrowleaf weeds together with a herbicide for broadleaf weeds is inhibited by using together with hydrophilic polymeric compound containing a quaternary ammonium salt and having 10,000 to 1,000,000 of molcular weight.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel poly-.beta.-alanine compound comprising monomeric units of the formula --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CONH-- and monomeric units of the formula ##STR1## in a specific proportion, having a high degree of polymerization and which is essentially free from metal contamination. The novel poly-.beta.-alanine is produced by polymerizing acrylamide using a alkaline earth metal alcholate catalyst in an extremely limited amount. The novel compound has a wide variety of uses, and is especially useful as a thermal stabilizer for a polyacetal resin.

Abstract: An N-substituted-phenylteraconimide compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein X and R are as defined in the disclosure, herbicidal composition and method for the destruction of undesirable weeds. The herbicides comprising the above compounds are capable of selectively controlling undesirable weeds among desirable crop plants.

Abstract: A novel phosphonamidothionate derivative represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined in the disclosure. The present novel compound has excellent properties with respect to not only pesticidal activity but also maintenance of the pesticidal activity over a prolonged period of time after application. The present novel compound can be prepared by a new unique process in which the direct phosphorylation of a carbamate compound is involved.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel poly-.beta.-alanine compound comprising monomeric units of the formula (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CONH) and monomeric units of the formula ##STR1## in a specific proportion, having a high degree of polymerization and which is essentially free from metal contamination. The novel poly-.beta.-alanine is produced by polymerizing acrylamide using an alkaline earth metal alcoholate catalyst in an extremely limited amount. The novel compound has a wide variety of uses, and is especially useful as a thermal stabilizer for a polyacetal resin.

Abstract: 5-2-chloro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-2-nitro-.alpha.-substituted-acetopheno nes and oxime derivatives thereof represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and Y are as defined in the disclosure, process for the preparation thereof, herbicidal composition and method for the destruction of undesirable weeds. The herbicides comprising the above compounds are capable of selectively controlling undesirable weeds among desirable crop plants.

Abstract: Chloroalkylthiolcarbamate compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Z represents ##STR2## and when Z is ##STR3## n is an integer of 4 to 10, whereas when Z is ##STR4## n is an integer of 3 to 10. These compounds are useful as effective herbicides having no harmful effect on the ecosystem, particularly extremely low toxicity to fish, and can be obtained, for example, by reacting the corresponding thiolcarbamate derivatives with a chloroalkyl halide.

Abstract: A compound of the formula, ##STR1## wherein R is an aromatic compound selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 which may be the same or different, are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, a C.sub.1-2 alkyl group and a C.sub.1-2 alkoxy group and wherein Y is --SO.sub.2 --, --O--, --S--, --CO--, --N.dbd.N-- or --NHCO--; X is a halogen atom selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, and fluorine; and n is zero or an integer of from 1 to 4. The compound is useful for pigments having hue from the yellow shade to the red shade and having especially high chroma. The pigments also have improved weather resistance, chemical resistance and tinting strength.

Abstract: A process for producing a 3-iminohaloisoindoline-1-one which comprises treating a halophthalodinitrile with ammonia and/or an organic amine together with hydrogen peroxide in a mixed reaction medium comprising water and an organic solvent.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of an N,N'-disubstituted tetrahydro-4,4'-bipyridyl by electrolytic dimerization of the corresponding N-substituted pyridinium salt, characterized in that, using a system including an electrolytic cell having at least one diaphragm and an extractor disposed outside the electrolytic cell, the electrolytic dimerization is carried out while an aqueous catholyte containing the corresponding N-substituted pyridinium salt is circulated between the electrolytic cell and the extractor in which the product is extracted into an extraction solvent, followed by separation of the aqueous phase which alone is recycled into the electrolytic cell. According to the process of the present invention, the electrolytic dimerization can be continued stably for a long time, a high current efficiency can be attained and the desired product can be obtained in high yield.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of an N,N'-disubstitued-4,4'-bipyridylium salt, characterized in that an N,N'-disubstitued tetrahydro-4,4'-bipyridyl corresponding to the desired salt is treated with at least one aromatic nitro compound in the presence of water. The process of the present invention is more advantageously effected further in the presence of a water-immiscible organic solvent. According to the present invention, the desired product can be obtained with high purity and in high yield.

Abstract: In a fixed-bed ion exchange process for treating a fluid, wherein adsorption and regeneration are performed in countercurrent flow, the whole ion exchange resins are removed from the ion exchange column portionwise, either intermittently or continuously, subjected to backwash and then returned to the ion exchange column. The whole bed of the resins is replaced by one round in this process, and therefore the distribution of the ions in the resin bed after backwash treatment is substantially the same as before, whereby a very efficient ion exchange is possible without increase in amount of the regenerant.

Abstract: In a fixed-bed solid-fluid contacting process, wherein adsorption and regeneration are performed in countercurrent flow, a portion of contaminated solid particles in the bed is extracted from the bed for washing, simultaneously when a fluid is treated by passing through the bed. The solid particles extracted are washed and recycled to the bed at the time of other operations, for example, regeneration step. The process is improved in the time cycle of treatment which is shortened and the pressure loss which is decreased. The process is also free from disturbance of bed and excellent in treatment efficiency. A simple and compact apparatus is available for the process. Typical example of application is ion exchange reaction.

Abstract: An improved cation-exchange membrane, onto which have been adhered fine particles of a crosslinked high molecular weight substance having anion-exchange groups and which can maintain a specific permselectivity for monovalent cations over a long period of time, is prepared with ease by treating a cation-exchange membrane with a suspension of fine particles of the said crosslinked high molecular weight substance.

Abstract: A specific class of anionic ion-exchange membranes, comprising a crosslinked vinyl imidazole polymer or copolymer film, is suitable for use in electrodialysis process by use of ion-exchange membranes of an aqueous solution containing organic contaminating electrolyte such as humic acid without organic contamination.