Abstract: A variable attenuator comprises a generally horseshoe-shaped main resistance element, a sliding member movable thereover, and a bypass provided around that portion of the main resistance element adjacent the end portion of the path of said sliding member. The bypass is made of a conductive element or conductive element and a resistance element, the amount of current flowing through said bypass being thereby increased to enable a maximum attenuation.

Abstract: A main resistance element and an elongated conductor are arranged coaxially and a plurality of secondary resistance elements are arranged radially and connected between the main resistance element and the conductor. A slider is ohmically movable on the main resistance element to provide a variable attenuator with low impedance and logarithmic attenuation to at least -60 db. An auxiliary resistance element may be provided coaxially with the main resistance element and the conductor with another set of secondary resistance elements connecting the auxiliary resistance element with the conductor, the ends of the main and auxiliary resistance elements being connected together.

Abstract: A resistance element for obtaining a continuous and linear output characteristic is obtained by the combination of a zig-zag resistance element and a resistance film of higher resistivity disposed thereover.

Abstract: An electrical switch to be used with a variable resistor, rotary switch or the like, includes a switching member slidably mounted, as a friction clutch arrangement, on the same common operating shaft as operates the resistor or rotary switch. The switching member is rotated when the operating shaft rotates so that the switching is effected and at the same time the common shaft regulates a resistance value or the like. When the operating shaft is not being rotated, the switching member is maintained in a neutral position by springs.