Abstract: Provided is a plating method of a circuit substrate comprising a conductive pattern in which a metal layer containing at least silver and copper is exposed on an outer surface. The plating method comprises: step (A) of treating the circuit substrate with a first liquid agent containing an oxidizing agent; step (B) of treating the circuit substrate after the step (A) with a second liquid agent which dissolves copper oxide, and thereby removing copper oxide from the conductive pattern's surface; step (C) of treating the circuit substrate after the step (B) with a third liquid agent whose rate of dissolving silver oxide (I) at 25° C. is 1000 times or more faster than its rate of dissolving copper (0) at 25° C., and thereby removing silver oxide from the conductive pattern's surface; and step (D) of performing electroless plating on the conductive pattern of the circuit substrate after the step (C).

Abstract: Provided is a plating method of a circuit substrate comprising a conductive pattern in which a metal layer containing at least silver and copper is exposed on an outer surface. The plating method comprises: step (A) of treating the circuit substrate with a first liquid agent containing an oxidizing agent; step (B) of treating the circuit substrate after the step (A) with a second liquid agent which dissolves copper oxide, and thereby removing copper oxide from the conductive pattern's surface; step (C) of treating the circuit substrate after the step (B) with a third liquid agent whose rate of dissolving silver oxide (I) at 25° C. is 1000 times or more faster than its rate of dissolving copper (0) at 25° C., and thereby removing silver oxide from the conductive pattern's surface; and step (D) of performing electroless plating on the conductive pattern of the circuit substrate after the step (C).

Abstract: A metallized substrate having, disposed in the order mentioned: a ceramics substrate; a high-melting point metal layer; a base nickel plating layer; a layered nickel-phosphorous plating layer; a diffusion-inhibiting plating layer; and a gold plating layer. The base nickel plating layer being any one of a nickel plating layer, a nickel-boron plating layer, or a nickel-cobalt plating layer. The diffusion-inhibiting plating layer being any one of a columnar nickel-phosphorous plating layer, a palladium-phosphorous plating layer, or a palladium plating layer. According to the above composition, even after heating the semiconductor chips in a mounted state, the metallized substrate can make the connection strength of wire bonding favorable.

Abstract: A metallized substrate having, disposed in the order mentioned: a ceramics substrate; a high-melting point metal layer; a base nickel plating layer; a layered nickel-phosphorous plating layer; a diffusion-inhibiting plating layer; and a gold plating layer. The base nickel plating layer being any one of a nickel plating layer, a nickel-boron plating layer, or a nickel-cobalt plating layer. The diffusion-inhibiting plating layer being any one of a columnar nickel-phosphorous plating layer, a palladium-phosphorous plating layer, or a palladium plating layer. According to the above composition, even after heating the semiconductor chips in a mounted state, the metallized substrate can make the connection strength of wire bonding favorable.

Abstract: To eliminate interruption of a service used by a user and reset of communication caused by switching of an operating server such as a process migration or the like. On receiving a session migration start request, server/network cooperation control means 2 issues an operating server-switching control start notification to an operating server switching control means 3 (step S702). On receiving the operating server switching control start notification, the operating server switching control means 3 switches an operating server. Next, on receiving an operating server switching control completion notification, the server/network cooperation control means 2 sends a connection destination target network-switching request to a connection control means 4 (step S707).

Abstract: Disclosed is a network system comprising: a plurality of routers 704 and 705 connected to each other through a network; pseudo redundant configuration setting means 702 and 703 which are connected respectively to the routers and which perform a communication using a redundancy protocol with respective routers; and association control means 701 connected to the pseudo redundant configuration setting means 702 and 703, wherein when a server 716 is a backup server and its backup state needs to be maintained, the pseudo redundant configuration setting means 703 issues a signal for maintaining a standby state to the router 705, and when servers are switched between a standby state and operating state, the association control means 701 transmits a switching instruction for switching between a standby state and operating state to the pseudo redundant configuration setting means 702 and 703.

Abstract: Assignment function notifying means (24) of a shelf management unit (2) notifies assignment function accepting means (35) of a board management unit (3a), what function executing right is assigned. Subsequently, execution function selecting means (34) of the board management unit (3a) selects a function to be actually executed, from the functions which can be executed in the board. After the shelf management unit (2) notified the function be assigned, the information be used in the function to be assigned is notified from using information notifying means (26) to using information accepting means (37) of a second device. After this, function executing means (38) of the board management unit (3a) executes the function assigned.

Abstract: Apparatus for designing a virtual VLAN network includes a database representing a plurality of VLAN networks in a spanning tree topology, each of the networks being formed of a plurality of VLAN member nodes interconnected by links. In response to a network configuration request from a communications network, control circuitry determines the costs of the links, and then determines the least cost unicast paths by using a shortest path algorithm. A search is made through the least cost unicast paths for detecting a loop. If at least one loop is detected, a link of highest cost of the loop is blocked. All unicast paths of the blocked link are reestablished through links that circumvent the blocked link. A spanning tree built up with all the links accommodating the least cost unicast paths is established. Configuration command is sent to the network for configuring it according to the established spanning tree.

Abstract: A vacuum-cleaner suction tool includes a sucking portion for sucking up dust on a surface to be cleaned, a joint portion having one end connected to the upper side of the sucking portion and the other end provided with a connection pipe, and an agitator disposed within the sucking portion for scraping dust off the surface. The opening, the joint portion, and the connection pipe each have a channel portion allowing sucked-up dust to pass therethrough. The joint portion is configured to be turnable, relative to the sucking portion, in a horizontal direction substantially parallel to the surface to be cleaned to such an extent that the longitudinal central axis of the sucking portion becomes substantially parallel to the longitudinal central axis of the connection pipe, whereby the forward end of the sucking portion, from left to right, can be brought into close contact with wall surfaces so that dust liable to collect in corners can be fully sucked up.

Abstract: Disclosed is a network system comprising: a plurality of routers 704 and 705 connected to each other through a network; pseudo redundant configuration setting means 702 and 703 which are connected respectively to the routers and which perform a communication using a redundancy protocol with respective routers; and association control means 701 connected to the pseudo redundant configuration setting means 702 and 703, wherein when a server 716 is a backup server and its backup state needs to be maintained, the pseudo redundant configuration setting means 703 issues a signal for maintaining a standby state to the router 705, and when servers are switched between a standby state and operating state, the association control means 701 transmits a switching instruction for switching between a standby state and operating state to the pseudo redundant configuration setting means 702 and 703.

Abstract: To eliminate interruption of a service used by a user and reset of communication caused by switching of an operating server such as a process migration or the like. On receiving a session migration start request, server/network cooperation control means 2 issues an operating server-switching control start notification to an operating server switching control means 3 (step S702). On receiving the operating server switching control start notification, the operating server switching control means 3 switches an operating server. Next, on receiving an operating server switching control completion notification, the server/network cooperation control means 2 sends a connection destination target network-switching request to a connection control means 4 (step S707).

Abstract: An electric vacuum cleaner includes an inlet port through which a suctioned air stream including dirt particles pass and a centrifugal separation member having a substantially circular space therein. The centrifugal separation member has a swirl portion to swirl the dust-laden suction air stream along an inner surface of the centrifugal separation member. By forming swirl passageway between the swirl portion and the inner surface of the centrifugal separation member, the high velocity swirling air stream can be made and consequently an efficiency of separating the dirt particles from the suction air and collecting the dirt particles can be improved.

Abstract: An apparatus for designing a virtual VLAN network includes a database containing data representing a plurality of VLAN networks in a spanning tree topology, each of the VLAN networks being formed of a plurality of VLAN member nodes interconnected by links. In response to a network configuration request from a communications network, control circuitry determines the costs of the links, and then determines least cost unicast paths by using a shortest path algorithm. A search is made through the least cost unicast paths for detecting a loop. If at least one loop is detected, a link of highest cost of the loop is blocked. All unicast paths of the blocked link are reestablished through links that circumvent the blocked link. A spanning tree built up with all the links accommodating the least cost unicast paths is established. Configuration command is sent to the network for configuring it according to the established spanning tree.

Abstract: An electric vacuum cleaner includes an inlet port through which a suctioned air stream including dirt particles pass and a centrifugal separation member having a substantially circular space therein. The centrifugal separation member has a swirl portion to swirl the dust-laden suction air stream along an inner surface of the centrifugal separation member. By forming swirl passageway between the swirl portion and the inner surface of the centrifugal separation member, the high velocity swirling air stream can be made and consequently an efficiency of separating the dirt particles from the suction air and collecting the dirt particles can be improved.

Abstract: A vacuum-cleaner suction tool which comprises a sucking portion for sucking up dust on a surface to be cleaned, a joint portion having one end connected to the upper side of the sucking portion and the other end provided with a connection pipe, and an agitator disposed within the sucking portion for scraping dust off the surface, the opening, joint portion, and connection pipe each having a channel portion allowing sucked-up dust to pass therethrough, in which the joint portion is configured to be turnable, relative to the sucking portion, in a direction substantially horizontal to the surface to be cleaned to such an extent that the longitudinal central axis of the sucking portion becomes substantially parallel to the longitudinal central axis of the connection pipe, whereby the forward end of sucking portion, from left to right, can be brought into close contact with wall surfaces so that dust liable to collect at corners can be fully sucked up.

Abstract: To provide a detergent which does not comprise a halogen-based solvent having high cleaning capabilities. The detergent of the present invention comprises (A) a glycol ether having low compatibility with water, preferably propylene glycol alkyl ether having a solubility in water at 60° C. of 50 vol % or less, (B) an imidazolidinone compound represented by the following formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a methyl group or ethyl group, and (C) water, and forms a homogeneous phase.

Abstract: A method of cleaning an article having oil adhered thereto, which enables the article to be cleaned easily in a short period of time and provides a high degree of cleanliness to the article.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for leaching copper from copper sulfide using bacteria, which ensures that the rate of leaching of copper increases to reduce the leaching time period and that the rate of leaching of primary copper sulfide contained in ores is increased. The process comprises using an acid leaching solution that includes both or any one of iron oxidizing bacteria and sulfur oxidizing bacteria in a concentration of 106 microbes/mL, the acid leaching solution having a redox potential of from 550 to 750 mV and 5 g/L or more of iron, the ratio of trivalent iron ions to bivalent iron ions (Fe3+/Fe2+) in the acid leaching solution being 50 or more.

Abstract: An anti-sway system for a steerable vehicle of the type employing a torsion bar suspension system. Operatively coupled to the torsion bar for each of the vehicle's steerable wheels or skis is a mechanism for increasing the effective spring rate of the suspension upon cornering over that prevailing when steering a straight line course.