Abstract: An object detection device includes: a light emitter that emits light; a sensor that generates a first pixel signal by exposure to reflected light according to a combination of emission by the light emitter and first exposure and a second pixel signal by exposure to reflected light according to a combination of the emission and second exposure; and a distance calculator that generates a distance image by ratio operation using the first pixel signal and the second pixel signal. Timing of the first exposure is set to timing during which the sensor is not exposed to reflected waves from an object included in a first section in which a distance from the object detection device is from 0 to a predetermined value. A time difference between the emission and the second exposure is greater than a time difference between the emission and the first exposure.

Abstract: An object detecting device includes: a first luminance obtainer and a distance obtainer that obtain a first luminance image and a depth image, respectively; a first clustering unit that generates a group that is a set of pixels taken as the same object in the depth image, and determines that the group is a cluster when a total number of pixels included in the group is at least a first threshold; a second clustering unit that determines that the group is a cluster, when (i) the total number of pixels included in the group is less than the first threshold and (ii) luminance of a pixel group in the first luminance image which corresponds to the group is at least a second threshold; and a 3D object detector that generates 3D object information indicating an object in the depth image which is detected based on the cluster.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, irradiated with semiconductor laser light having a wavelength of 380 to 500 nm, includes a conductive substrate, a charge-generating layer formed thereon; and a charge transport layer formed thereon, the charge transport-layer having a transmittance of at least 30% for the semiconductor laser light. A process cartridge mountable to and detachable from an electrophotographic apparatus includes the electrophotographic photosensitive member. An electrophotographic apparatus also includes the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, irradiated with semiconductor laser light having a wavelength of 380 to 500 nm, includes a conductive substrate, a charge-generating layer formed thereon; and a charge transport layer formed thereon, the charge transport layer having a transmittance of at least 30% for the semiconductor laser light. A process cartridge mountable to and detachable from an electrophotographic apparatus includes the electrophotographic photosensitive member. An electrophotographic apparatus also includes the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is constituted by a support and a photosensitive layer disposed on the support. The photosensitive layer includes a fluorene compound represented by a formula (1) and a stilbene compound represented by a formula (4). The compounds of the formulas (1) and and (4) may preferably be used as a charge transport material. The combination of such compounds is effective in improving resistances to abrasion, crack and crystallization of the resultant photosensitive layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support and a photosensitive layer provided thereon. The photosensitive layer contains a hindered phenol compound and a fluorene compound represented by the following formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are each independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a substrate and a photosensitive layer formed thereon, and the photosensitive layer contains an arylamine compound expressed by the following general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.l is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aralkyl, alkaryl or aryl, R.sub.2 -R.sub.8 are each hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkoxy or amino, and Ar is alkyl, aryl or heterocyclic aryl.An electrophotographic apparatus includes the electrophotographic photosensitive member set forth above, a charging means, an exposure means, and a developing means.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is constituted by disposing a photosensitive layer on a support. The photosensitive layer is characterized by containing a specific triphenylamine compound having at least two phenyl groups each substituted with two alkyl groups including one alkyl group located in meta-position in conjunction with nitrogen atom or each substituted with three alkyl groups. The photosensitive member is suitable for providing an electrophotographic apparatus showing excellent electrophotographic characteristics such as a high photosensitivity, a good potential stability in repetitive use, a decreased transfer memory, no crack in the photosensitive layer and no crystallization of a charge-transporting material.

Abstract: A new crystalline form of oxytitanium phthalocyanine is characterized by main peaks specified by Bragg angles (2.theta..+-.0.2 degrees) of 7.4 degrees, 10.2 degrees, 12.5 degrees, 15.0 degrees. 16.3 degrees, 18.3 degrees, 22.4 degrees, 24.2 degrees, 25.2 degrees and 28.5 degrees in X-ray diffraction pattern based on CuK.alpha. characteristic X-rays. The oxytitanium phthalocyanine is formed by treating amorphous oxytitanium phthalocyanine with a solvent selected from the group consisting of monohydric alcohols having at least two carbon atoms, cellosolves, diethylene glycol monoethers and diacetone alcohol. The oxytitanium phthalocyanine is useful as a charge generating material for providing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, which shows a stably high sensitivity to long wavelength light.

Abstract: An to an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a photosensitive layer containing a specified oxytitanium phthalocyanine and a polyvinyl acetal resin having a structural unit represented by Formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a nitro group, or a cyano group; and Y is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a nitro group, or a cyano group. The photosensitive member maintains a low residual potential without deterioration of the sensitivity during repeated use.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is constituted by disposing a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive support. The photosensitive layer is characterized by containing an arylamine compound having specific two fluorenyl groups. The photosensitive member is suitable for providing an electrophotographic apparatus showing excellent electrophotographic characteristics such as a high photosensitivity, a good potential stability in repetitive use, a decreased pause memory, and no crack in the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a conductive support, and a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer. The charge generating layer contains an acetal resin obtained from a reaction of polyvinyl alcohol, alkyl aldehyde having a structure shown in Formula (1) below, and aryl aldehyde having a structure shown in Formula (2) below:R--CHO (1)wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted, chain or cyclic alkyl group, andAr--CHO (2)wherein Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. The electrophotographic photosensitive member is used in electrophotographic apparatus, device units and facsimile machines, while ensuring superior electrophotographic characteristics and an excellent image free from fog.

Abstract: A process for producing crystalline oxytitanium phthalocyanine showing strong peaks in CuK.alpha. characteristic X-ray diffraction at Bragg angles 2.theta..+-.0.2.degree. of 9.0.degree., 14.2.degree., 23.9.degree., and 27.1.degree., which comprises a dispersion treatment of the aqueous paste of oxytitanium phthalocyanine in an ether type compound.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is constituted by disposing a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive support. The photosensitive layer is characterized by containing a specific fluorene compound or by containing another specific fluorene compound and a specific triphenylamine compound. The photosensitive layer is suitable for providing an electrophotographic apparatus showing excellent electrophotographic characteristics such as a high photosensitivity, a good potential stability in repetitive use, a decreased transfer memory, no crack in the photosensitive layer and no crystallization of a charge-transporting material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member. The photosensitive member has an electroconductive support and a photosensitive layer formed thereon containing oxytitanium phthalocyanine, and a surface layer of the photosensitive member contains a copolymer having a first and second structural units represented by the formulas ##STR1## Further the invention relates to an electrophotographic apparatus, device unit, and facsimile machine utilizing the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member with stable potential characteristics even after repeated use, comprises an electroconductive support and a photosensitive layer formed on the electroconductive support, and that photosensitive layer contains a compound represented by the general formula (1) below: ##STR1##

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises an electroconductive support and a photosensitive layer formed on the support.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer laminated on an electroconductive support, characterized in that the photosensitive layer contains a biphenyl compound represented by the following formula: ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group; R.sup.3 represents an aralkyl group; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each represent an aromatic ring group; Ar and Ar' each represent a divalent aromatic ring group).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a conductive support and a photosensitive layer provided thereon. The photosensitive layer contains a fluorene compound represented by the following Formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent an alkyl group; R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a halogen atom; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group.

Abstract: A photosensitive member for electrophotography, comprising an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer disposed thereon, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises a pyrene compound represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 respectively denote and aromatic hydrocarbon group capable of having a substituent, or an aromatic heterocyclic group capable of having a substituent.