Abstract: An uninterruptible power supply for providing an output power signal to a load comprises a ferroresonant transformer, a resonant capacitor, and an inverter. The resonant capacitor is operatively connected to the ferroresonant transformer. The inverter is operatively connected to the ferroresonant transformer. The inverter is configured to generate the output power signal based on at least one inverter control signal such that the output power signal is a quasi square wave having at least one change of phase and an upper limit. The at least one inverter control signal is held in an OFF state during at least a portion of the at least one change of phase, pulse-width modulated during at least a portion of the at least one change of phase, and held in an ON state when the output power signal is at the upper limit.

Abstract: A ferroresonant transformer system has a core, a shunt, first and second input windings, an inverter winding, a tank winding, a resonant capacitor, an output capacitor, and a plurality of switches. The tank winding defines a plurality of switch tap locations and at least two output tap locations. The resonant capacitor is connected across at least a portion of the tank winding. Each switch is operatively connectable between one of the switch tap locations and the resonant capacitor. Each output terminal is operatively connected to one of the at least two output tap locations.

Abstract: A battery system a plurality of battery strings, a charge equalization circuit, a relay matrix, and a balance controller. The plurality of battery strings comprises at least three batteries connected in series, where the battery strings are connected in parallel. The charge equalization circuit is capable of transferring charge between a pair of series connected batteries. The relay matrix is operatively connected between the charge equalization circuit and the plurality of battery strings. The balance controller operates the relay matrix based on at least one of a voltage and a current of any one of the batteries such that the charge equalization circuit is connected across any one of the pairs of series connected batteries in any one of the plurality of battery strings such that the charge equalization circuit transfers charge between the batteries in the pair of series connected batteries to which the charge equalization circuit is connected.

Abstract: A ferroresonant transformer system has a core, a shunt, first and second input windings, an inverter winding, a tank winding, a resonant capacitor, an output capacitor, and a plurality of switches. The tank winding defines a plurality of switch tap locations and at least two output tap locations. The resonant capacitor is connected across at least a portion of the tank winding. Each switch is operatively connectable between one of the switch tap locations and the resonant capacitor. Each output terminal is operatively connected to one of the at least two output tap locations.

Abstract: An uninterruptible power supply for providing an output power signal to a load comprises a ferroresonant transformer, a resonant capacitor, and an inverter. The resonant capacitor is operatively connected to the ferroresonant transformer. The inverter is operatively connected to the ferroresonant transformer. The inverter is configured to generate the output power signal based on at least one inverter control signal such that the output power signal is a quasi square wave having at least one change of phase and an upper limit. The at least one inverter control signal is held in an OFF state during at least a portion of the at least one change of phase, pulse-width modulated during at least a portion of the at least one change of phase, and held in an ON state when the output power signal is at the upper limit.

Abstract: A battery system a plurality of battery strings, a charge equalization circuit, a relay matrix, and a balance controller. The plurality of battery strings comprises at least three batteries connected in series, where the battery strings are connected in parallel. The charge equalization circuit is capable of transferring charge between a pair of series connected batteries. The relay matrix is operatively connected between the charge equalization circuit and the plurality of battery strings. The balance controller operates the relay matrix based on at least one of a voltage and a current of any one of the batteries such that the charge equalization circuit is connected across any one of the pairs of series connected batteries in any one of the plurality of battery strings such that the charge equalization circuit transfers charge between the batteries in the pair of series connected batteries to which the charge equalization circuit is connected.

Abstract: A ferroresonant transformer system has a core, a shunt, first and second input windings, an inverter winding, a tank winding, a resonant capacitor, an output capacitor, and a plurality of switches. The tank winding defines a plurality of switch tap locations and at least two output tap locations. The resonant capacitor is connected across at least a portion of the tank winding. Each switch is operatively connectable between one of the switch tap locations and the resonant capacitor. Each output terminal is operatively connected to one of the at least two output tap locations.

Abstract: An uninterruptible power supply for providing an output power signal to a load comprises a ferroresonant transformer, a resonant capacitor, and an inverter. The resonant capacitor is operatively connected to the ferroresonant transformer. The inverter is operatively connected to the ferroresonant transformer. The inverter is configured to generate the output power signal based on at least one inverter control signal such that the output power signal is a quasi square wave having at least one change of phase and an upper limit. The at least one inverter control signal is held in an OFF state during at least a portion of the at least one change of phase, pulse-width modulated during at least a portion of the at least one change of phase, and held in an ON state when the output power signal is at the upper limit.

Abstract: A battery system comprising a plurality of battery strings, a charge equalization circuit, a relay matrix, and a balance controller. The plurality of battery strings comprises at least three batteries connected in series, where the battery strings are connected in parallel. The charge equalization circuit is capable of equalizing the charge on any pair of series connected batteries in any one of the plurality of battery strings. The relay matrix is operatively connected between the charge equalization circuit and the plurality of battery strings. The balance controller operates the relay matrix based on at least one of a voltage and a current of any one of the batteries such that the charge equalization circuit is connected across any one of the pairs of series connected batteries in any one of the plurality of battery strings.

Abstract: A diagnostic system for a UPS module has a battery diagnostics module, an inverter diagnostic module, a utility diagnostic module, and a transformer diagnostic module. The battery diagnostic module is configured to generate battery diagnostic information based on at least one operating characteristic of at least one element of the battery module. The inverter diagnostic module is configured to generate inverter diagnostic information based on at least one operating characteristic of at least one element of the inverter module. The utility diagnostic module is configured to generate utility diagnostic information based on at least one operating characteristic of at least one element of the utility power signal supplied by the utility power supply. The transformer diagnostic module is configured to generate transformer diagnostic information based on at least one operating characteristic of at least one element of the transformer module.

Abstract: A battery system comprising a plurality of battery strings, a charge equalization circuit, a relay matrix, and a balance controller. The plurality of battery strings comprises at least three batteries connected in series, where the battery strings are connected in parallel. The charge equalization circuit is capable of equalizing the charge on any pair of series connected batteries in any one of the plurality of battery strings. The relay matrix is operatively connected between the charge equalization circuit and the plurality of battery strings. The balance controller operates the relay matrix based on at least one of a voltage and a current of any one of the batteries such that the charge equalization circuit is connected across any one of the pairs of series connected batteries in any one of the plurality of battery strings.

Abstract: An uninterruptible power supply for providing an output power signal to a load comprises a ferroresonant transformer, a resonant capacitor, and an inverter. The resonant capacitor is operatively connected to the ferroresonant transformer. The inverter is operatively connected to the ferroresonant transformer. The inverter is configured to generate the output power signal based on at least one inverter control signal such that the output power signal is a quasi square wave having at least one change of phase and an upper limit. The at least one inverter control signal is held in an OFF state during at least a portion of the at least one change of phase, pulse-width modulated during at least a portion of the at least one change of phase, and held in an ON state when the output power signal is at the upper limit.

Abstract: A battery system having at least one battery string of more than two batteries connected in series, a charge equalization circuit, and a relay matrix. The plurality of battery strings each comprise more than two batteries connected in series and are connected in parallel. The charge equalization circuit is capable of equalizing the charge on any pair of series connected batteries in any one of the plurality of battery strings. The relay matrix is operatively connected between the charge equalization circuit and the plurality of battery strings. Based on at least one of a voltage and a current of any one of the batteries, the relay matrix is operated such that the charge equalization circuit is connected across any one of the pairs of series connected batteries in any one of the plurality of battery strings.

Abstract: An uninterruptible power supply for providing an output power signal to a load has a ferroresonant transformer, a resonant capacitor operatively connected to the ferroresonant transformer, and an inverter operatively connected to the ferroresonant transformer. The inverter is configured to generate the output power signal based on at least one inverter control signal such that the output power signal is a quasi square wave having a first change of phase, an upper limit, and a second change of phase. The at least one inverter control signal is pulse-width modulated between the first change of phase and the upper limit, pulse-width modulated between the upper limit and the second change of phase, and held in an ON state when the output power signal is at the upper limit.

Abstract: A battery system having at least one battery string of more than two batteries connected in series, a charge equalization circuit, and a relay matrix. The plurality of battery strings each comprise more than two batteries connected in series and are connected in parallel. The charge equalization circuit is capable of equalizing the charge on any pair of series connected batteries in any one of the plurality of battery strings. The relay matrix is operatively connected between the charge equalization circuit and the plurality of battery strings.

Abstract: A diagnostic system for a UPS module has a battery diagnostics module, an inverter diagnostic module, a utility diagnostic module, and a transformer diagnostic module. The battery diagnostic module is configured to generate battery diagnostic information based on at least one operating characteristic of at least one element of the battery module. The inverter diagnostic module is configured to generate inverter diagnostic information based on at least one operating characteristic of at least one element of the inverter module. The utility diagnostic module is configured to generate utility diagnostic information based on at least one operating characteristic of at least one element of the utility power signal supplied by the utility power supply. The transformer diagnostic module is configured to generate transformer diagnostic information based on at least one operating characteristic of at least one element of the transformer module.

Abstract: A battery system having at least one battery string of more than two batteries connected in series, a charge equalization circuit, a relay matrix, and a balance controller. The charge equalization circuit is capable of equalizing the charge on any pair of series connected batteries in the at least one battery string. The relay matrix is operatively connected between the charge equalization circuit and the at least one battery string. The balance controller controls the relay matrix such that at least one to battery characteristic of at least one battery is sensed. Based on at least one sensed battery characteristic, the balance controller controls the relay matrix such that the charge equalization circuit is connected across at least one pair of series connected batteries in the at least one battery string.

Abstract: A UPS module configured to be arranged between at least one AC line and a communications system comprising at least one load comprises a power system, a diagnostic system, and a communications module. The power system comprising a battery module, an inverter module, and a transformer module and is operatively connected between the AC line and the at least one load. The diagnostic system generates battery diagnostic information, inverter diagnostic, utility diagnostic information, and transformer diagnostic information. The communications module transfers diagnostic information between the diagnostic system and the communications system.

Abstract: An uninterruptible power supply for providing an output power signal to a load has a ferroresonant transformer, a resonant capacitor operatively connected to the ferroresonant transformer, and an inverter operatively connected to the ferroresonant transformer. The inverter is configured to generate the output power signal based on at least one inverter control signal such that the output power signal is a quasi square wave having a first change of phase, an upper limit, and a second change of phase. The at least one inverter control signal is pulse-width modulated between the first change of phase and the upper limit, pulse-width modulated between the upper limit and the second change of phase, and held in an ON state when the output power signal is at the upper limit.

Abstract: A battery system having at least one battery string of more than two batteries connected in series, a charge equalization circuit, a relay matrix, and a balance controller. The charge equalization circuit is capable of equalizing the charge on any pair of series connected batteries in the at least one battery string. The relay matrix is operatively connected between the charge equalization circuit and the at least one battery string. The balance controller controls the relay matrix such that at least one to battery characteristic of at least one battery is sensed. Based on at least one sensed battery characteristic, the balance controller controls the relay matrix such that the charge equalization circuit is connected across at least one pair of series connected batteries in the at least one battery string.