Abstract: A thermometer system for blowing heated air having a temperature value close to the temperature value of body temperature directly onto the tympanic membrane from tubing apparatus, and measuring the temperature of the air as it returns from the membrane, the air having membrane temperature.

Abstract: A scanning radiometer having a series of laminations forming a tightly bonded sandwich structure each being electrically insulated from adjacent ones thereof, said series including a thermometric or thermo responsive material, a heat pump functioning material, a heat sink functioning material, and an insulator functioning material, and in which the thermo responsive material is formed of a set of matrix of thin metal alternately with absorptive or blackened portions, each forming opposite arms of a Wheatstone bridge.The use of the term "thermoelectric or thermoresponsive material" designates a metallic or other electric resistor whose resistance is temperature sensitive and when measured, is an indicator of its temperature. "Heat pump functioning material" is a thermoelectric device that tranfers or "pumps" heat from one of its two surfaces to the other when an electric current is supplied to its terminals.

Abstract: A receiver of thermal radiation of thin film deposit material of high temperature coefficient of electrical resistance having surface absorptive characteristics.