Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of aliphatic carboxylic acids by microbial oxidation of alcohols with relatively long, optionally branched C chains by means of atmospheric oxygen, in which the bacteria species Gluconobacter roseus is used as the microorganism. Contemplated is the use of Gluconobacter roseus strain IAM 1841 to oxidize n-butanol, isobutanol, 2-methylbutanol and 3-methylbutanol to the corresponding acids. Also contemplated is the use of Gluconobacter roseus strain IFO 3990 to oxidize isobutanol, 2-methylbutanol and 3-methylbutanol to the corresponding acids.

Abstract: New hemimercaptals of the formula ##STR1## in which X represents an oxygen or sulphur atom, a process for their preparation and their use as flavorings have been found.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of oct-2-en-4-ol as a flavor, and to flavoring compositions containing this compound.

Abstract: A perfumed or edible composition comprising an appropriate carrier and an amount of 5-methyl-hept-2-en-4-one effective to impart its fragrance or flavor to the composition. It imparts a fragrance and flavor reminiscent of hazelnut.

Abstract: Unsymmetrical dihydrodithiazines of the formula ##STR1## in which one of the substituents R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 -alkyl group while the other is a methyl group and R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, or R.sub.1 represents a methyl group and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together form a C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 -alkylene radical, a process for their preparation and their use as fragrances and flavorings.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of concentrated extracts from fresh plants or parts thereof by extraction with carbon dioxide at supercritical pressure, wherein the extraction is carried out at 0.degree. to 40.degree. C. and the separation of the concentrated extract is carried out at a subcritical temperature and subcritical pressure.

Abstract: A perfumed or edible composition comprising an appropriate carrier and an amount of 5-methyl-hept-2-en-4-one effective to impart its fragrance or flavor to the composition. It imparts a fragrance and flavor reminiscent of hazelnut.

Abstract: A process for recovering flavoring substances from the vanilla capsule with carbon dioxide under fluid conditions is described, which consists in performing the extraction at temperatures between 10.degree. and 30.degree. C. and pressures of 80 to 350 bar, and producing the separation of the extract at temperatures of 0.degree. to 30.degree. C. and pressures of 30 to 60 bar. In this manner it is possible by a one-step process to extract all of the flavoring substances of the vanilla capsule with the recovery of a highly concentrated vanilla flavoring, and to obtain a material which is considerably superior to the products obtained by conventional extraction with organic solvents.

Abstract: In the enzyme-mediated synthesis of an ester or lactone from at least one carboxylic acid of the formulaR--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --COOHwhereinR is a hydrogen atom, or a hydrocarbon radical which has 1 to 21 carbon atoms and which can be optionally substituted by hydroxyl groups or alkoxy groups with 1 to 10 carbon atoms,with at least one primary or secondary alcohol having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, the improvement which comprises employing as the enzyme the esterase from Mucor miehei and effecting the synthesis in the absence of water. Advantageously, the synthesis is effected at about room temperature, the mol ratio of carboxylic acid to alcohol is from about 1:1 to 1:1.1, and the enzyme is used in a quantity of about 3 to 20% by weight of the carboxylic acid. The absence of water facilitates recovery, as by distillation.