Abstract: A stud is formed with an extension to permanently hold an adapted-head by means of a forged pin. The nut-head is designed to be able to withstand torsional and shearing stresses. The extension is especially designed to form a head in conjunction with a nut-head and a pin which is forged in between. The stud-head is designed to withstand torsional and shearing stresses limited to that amount applied to the shank.

Abstract: A safety device for suppporting the wheel of a vehicle that has a flat tire. In a first embodiment, two semiwheels are provided which are connected to the wheel hub by a layer of deformable elastomeric material which absorbs the shock that is generated when weight is transferred from the tire to the safety device. Additional support structure is provided that becomes engaged when sufficient weight is placed on the semiwheel. In a second embodiment, a tire is provided with a membrane separating its interior into two independent chambers. The membrane has a circumferential projection for supporting the outer tire tread should the outer chamber suddenly deflate. A novel tool for installing the safety devices of the present invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: A peristrophic internal combustion engine with increased power output has greater torque and reduced friction. The distance of rotation between the inertia weights and the crankpins is increased to increase torque. These transposed inertia weights are embodied in top and bottom journals of the connecting rods and in the pistons assemblies. Each piston assembly includes a top piston-ring-holder piston and a lower, bearing piston joined to reciprocate in the cylinder. The lower bearing piston may have a circumferential ring, cylindrical barrel rollers, or spherical ball bearing arrangement contacting the cylinder wall while the upper piston carries the piston rings. The spherical ball bearing arrangement allows lower piston rotation about the piston axis. Inner and outer cylinder liners increase the cylinder operating life and reduce combustion heat loss through the cylinder wall.

Abstract: An aircraft having vertical take-off and landing capability including a nozzle-shaped fuselage housing a power-generating mechanism, a propulsion-developing mechanism at the rear end, and laterally-extending wings located forwardly of the rear end. Each wing includes an aerodynamically composite airfoil having a lower surface possessing a camber curvature. A propeller is provided at the free end of each wing for rotation in a plane parallel to the plane of the wing. The lower surface of each wing includes a thrust flap which may be moved between a first position in which the flap coincides with the camber curvature of the wing lower surface and the propeller provides primarily lift, and a second position in which the flap projects below the camber curvature of the wing lower surface to cooperate with the propeller to compress the flow of air therebetween thereby generating thrust useful for propelling the aircraft in a forward direction.