Abstract: A digital toner/locator employs tone packets using a 455 Khz carrier. Plural packet quanta provide multiple test modes which are advantageously selected from a probe without requiring returning to the tone generator to change mode.

Abstract: A simple, low-cost system for continuously balancing the voltage of serially-connected multiple cells of a battery. A voltage divider is connected across two adjacent cells to establish a reference voltage. A differential amplifier compares the reference voltage with the voltage at the junction of the two cells. If these voltages are equal, the cell voltages are balanced. If there is any significant deviation in these voltages, a current generator is turned on to slightly charge the cell with the lower voltage or discharge the cell with the higher voltage, depending on which cell has the higher voltage. Additional cells and balancing circuits may be added to provide the desired number of cells.

Abstract: A digital toner/locator employs tone packets using a 455 Khz carrier. Plural packet quanta provide multiple test modes which are advantageously selected from a probe without requiring returning to the tone generator to change mode.