Abstract: A system and method for detecting a flow rate using ultrasound is disclosed. A flow rate detector includes a disposable conduit section and a reusable sensor chassis, the chassis configured to fit over an outer surface of the conduit section, the chassis configured to attach along a length of the of the disposable conduit section, and including first and second transducers configured to, when the reusable chassis is attached to the conduit section, measure a flow rate of a fluid passing through the conduit section by measuring an ultrasonic transmission between the first and second transducers through the fluid. The ultrasonic transmission is reflected at least once off of the inner surface of the disposable conduit before being received at the second transducer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides novel hemi- and mono-salts of 7-[(3R,4R)-3-Hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl]-3,5-dihydro-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 1) with various organic and inorganic acids. In one embodiment, the organic acid is a C4 organic diacids. The present disclosure further provides novel methods for preparing these salts. The novel monohydrates hemisalts of the C4 organic diacids are isostructural and can be prepared with different properties. Multiple acids can be used simultaneously and the proportion of acids can be varied offering the opportunity to select hemi-salts of compound 1 with desired properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods for preparing 5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-3-indazolecarboxylic acid (3), which is a useful precursor for the preparation of bicyclic-5-trifluoromethoxy-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid amides of Formula (1). Compounds of Formula (1) are active as agonists and partial agonists of the nicotinic ?-7 receptor and are being studied for their use in the treatment of disease conditions associated with defective or malfunctioning nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, especially of the brain, such as for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, as well as other psychiatric and neurological disorders. The present methods are useful for preparing compound (3) on scale up levels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mono-sulfate and hemi-sulfate salts of 2-Chloro-4-[1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl]-pyridine, to crystalline and amorphous forms thereof and to their use in pharmaceutical formulations.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods for preparing 5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-3-indazolecarboxylic acid (3), which is a useful precursor for the preparation of bicyclic-5-trifluoromethoxy-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid amides of Formula (1). Compounds of Formula (1) are active as agonists and partial agonists of the nicotinic ?-7 receptor and are being studied for their use in the treatment of disease conditions associated with defective or malfunctioning nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, especially of the brain, such as for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, as well as other psychiatric and neurological disorders. The present methods are useful for preparing compound (3) on scale up levels.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods for preparing 5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-3-indazolecarboxylic acid (3), which is a useful precursor for the preparation of bicyclic-5-trifluoromethoxy-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid amides of Formula (1). Compounds of Formula (1) are active as agonists and partial agonists of the nicotinic ?-7 receptor and are being studied for their use in the treatment of disease conditions associated with defective or malfunctioning nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, especially of the brain, such as for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, as well as other psychiatric and neurological disorders. The present methods are useful for preparing compound (3) on scale up levels.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides novel hemi- and mono-salts of 7-[(3R,4R)-3-Hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl]-3,5-dihydro-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound 1) with various organic and inorganic acids. In one embodiment, the organic acid is a C4 organic diacids. The present disclosure further provides novel methods for preparing these salts. The novel monohydrates hemisalts of the C4 organic diacids are isostructural and can be prepared with different properties. Multiple acids can be used simultaneously and the proportion of acids can be varied offering the opportunity to select hemi-salts of compound 1 with desired properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mono-sulfate and hemi-sulfate salts of 2-Chloro-4-[1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl]-pyridine, to crystalline and amorphous forms thereof and to their use in pharmaceutical formulations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the mono-sulfate salt, crystalline forms A and B of the mono-sulfate salt, an amorphous form of the mono-sulfate salt, hemi-sulfate salts, and a crystalline form A of the hemi-sulfate salt of the compound 2-chloro-4-[1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl]-pyridine.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods for preparing a key intermediate, 3,5-di-O-acyl-2-fluoro-2-C-methyl-D-ribono-?-lactone (2), for the preparation of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-2-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)cytosine (1), which is a potent and selective anti-hepatitis C virus agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods for preparing 5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-3-indazolecarboxylic acid (3), which is a useful precursor for the preparation of bicyclic-5-trifluoromethoxy-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid amides of Formula (1). Compounds of Formula (1) are active as agonists and partial agonists of the nicotinic ?-7 receptor and are being studied for their use in the treatment of disease conditions associated with defective or malfunctioning nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, especially of the brain, such as for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, as well as other psychiatric and neurological disorders. The present methods are useful for preparing compound (3) on scale up levels.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for preparing a key intermediate, 3-amino-pentan-1,5-diol (2), which is useful for the preparation of 6-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)-2-[3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-propylamino]-8-methyl-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-7-one (1) a MAP-kinase inhibitor useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for preparing a key intermediate, 3-amino-pentan-1,5-diol (2), which is useful for the preparation of 6-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)-2-[3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-propylamino]-8-methyl-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-7-one (1) a MAP-kinase inhibitor useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the mono-sulfate salt, crystalline forms A and B of the mono-sulfate salt, an amorphous form of the mono-sulfate salt, hemi-sulfate salts, and a crystalline form A of the hemi-sulfate salt of the compound 2-chloro-4-[1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl]-pyridine.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods for preparing compounds (2R)-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-2-methyl-D-erythro-pentono-?-lactone (11) and (2S)-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-2-methyl-D-erythro-pentono-?-lactone (12), which are intermediates for preparing a key intermediate 3,5-di-O-acyl-2-fluoro-2-C-methyl-D-ribono-?-lactone (B), for the preparation of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-2-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)cytosine (A), which is a potent and selective anti-hepatitis C virus agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods for preparing a key intermediate, 3,5-di-O-acyl-2-fluoro-2-C-methyl-D-ribono-?-lactone (2), for the preparation of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-2-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)cytosine (1), which is a potent and selective anti-hepatitis C virus agent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel method for inhibiting the growth of bacterial pathogens expressing a type III secretory system as well as enteroaggregative E. coli and/or preventing or treating an infection caused by the same. The method comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of bovine lactoferrin.

Abstract: A multilayered article for a windshield of a vehicle and a method of manufacturing the article is provided. The multilayered article comprises an exterior layer having first and second surfaces, and an interior layer having third and fourth surfaces. The interior layer is in side by side relationship with the exterior layer. The article further includes a vinyl layer disposed on the second surface of the exterior layer for bonding the interior layer with the exterior layer. The article further comprises a decorative frit layer applied on the third surface and is configured to cover the periphery of the third surface.

Abstract: A slider window assembly for an automotive vehicle comprises a fixed glass panel adapted to be installed in a window frame defined by a body panel. The fixed glass panel is bonded to the window frame by an adhesive bead and defines an opening. A sliding window opens and closes the opening and includes an edge that is received in a guide rail that is adhesively bonded to the fixed glass panel. The guide rail defines a channel for the edge of the sliding window and also includes an extension that is bonded to the window frame by the adhesive bead. In this manner, the guide rail continues to support the sliding window in the event that the fixed glass panel is unable to provide the primary support function.