Abstract: Improved adherence of oxide wear layers on hard metal or cemented carbide substrates is obtained by providing a thin surface-oxidized bonding layer comprising a carbide or oxycarbide of at least one of tantalum, niobium or vanadium, optionally adding aluminum to the bonding layer, and finally providing an outer oxide layer layer.

Abstract: During microwave oven heating periods of sauces, gravies, custards, soups, eggs, chili and other foods warmed up, heated, or cooked, their required stirring is automatically undertaken by utilizing a microwave cooking assembly of a mixing bowl, a top assembly serving as a cover thereof, and a self contained stirrer power assembly thereof, supported by the top assembly. During the stirring of the food, a paddle of the stirrer power assembly, in moving through the food to stir or to mix the food, also substantially wipes and almost fully scrapes the food from the inner surfces of the mixing bowl, thereby eliminating any possibility of the creation of any hot spot portions in the food being heated by the microwave energy. Preferably, the top assembly serving as the cover is locked on the mixing bowl during the heating and stirring of the food, by utilizing interfitting and locking handles of both the bowl and top assembly.

Abstract: An improved fabrication process for cobalt-enriched cemented carbide substrates is disclosed, in which an article is generally comprised of tungsten carbide, cobalt, and carbides, nitrides or carbonitrides of titanium, tantalum, and niobium, or mixtures thereof. In one aspect of the invention the article is contacted with nitrogen gas and then sintered in the absence of nitrogen gas to form a cobalt-enriched, B-1 phase-depleted zone. The article is then sintered in nitrogen gas to form a B-1 phase enriched layer on the surface of the article. Additionally, a metal oxide wear layer can be provided on the article.

Abstract: Improved adherence of oxide wear layers on hard metal or cemented carbide substrates is attained by providing a thin surface-oxidized bonding layer comprising a carbide or oxycarbide of at least one of tantalum, niobium or vanadium, optionally adding aluminum to the bonding layer, and finally providing an outer oxide wear layer.

Abstract: Improved adherence of oxide wear layers on hard metal or cemented carbide substrates is attained by providing a thin surface-oxidized bonding layer comprising a carbide or oxycarbide of at least one of tantalum, niobium or vanadium, optionally adding aluminum to the bonding layer, and finally providing an outer oxide wear layer.

Abstract: A coated carbide insert has a cobalt enriched zone at one decarburized surface, and a thin TiN transition layer over this surface. The cobalt enriched zone and the TiN layer cooperate to support additional thicker layers of hard wear resistant material such as TiC, TiN, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: Improved adherence of oxide wear layers on hard metal or cemented carbide substrates is obtained by providing a thin surface-oxidized bonding layer comprising a carbide or oxycarbide of at least one of tantalum, niobium or vanadium, optionally adding aluminum to the bonding layer, and finally providing an outer oxide wear layer.

Abstract: The bond between a hard wear resistant coating of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and a cemented carbide substrate is greatly improved by means of a more effective interlayer of TiO. The TiO layer is provided by means of a reduction process from other titanium oxides such as TiO.sub.2.

Abstract: A new and improved coated cemented carbide includes a cemented carbide substrate, an interlayer disposed on the substrate, and a coating of hafnium carbonitride and/or zirconium carbonitride which is firmly and adherently bonded to the substrate and interlayer, the coating having a specific carbon-to-nitrogen ration. Where the coating is hafnium carbonitride the interlayer is be selected from the group consisting of hafnium nitride, titanium nitride, zirconium nitride and a titanium nitride - titanium carbide combination, the titanium nitride - titanium carbide combination consisting of a first layer of titanium nitride and a second layer of titanium carbide overlying the layer of titanium nitride. Where the coating is zirconium carbonitride the interlayer is selected from the group of zirconium nitride, titanium carbide and hafnium carbide.

Abstract: A coated cemented carbide article comprises a cemented carbide substrate, the surface regions thereof having diffused therein an element such as boron, silicon or aluminum. The article further comprises a coating disposed on the diffused substrate, the coating being a boride such as titanium boride, hafnium boride, zirconium boride or tantalum boride. In another embodiment the coated cemented article further includes an interlayer sandwiched between the diffused substrate and the boride coating, the interlayer being one or more layers formed from the carbides, nitrides or carbonitrides of elements from groups IVb and Vb of the Periodic Table of Elements, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Improved adherence of oxide coatings on cemented carbide substrate containing tungsten and cobalt is attained by forming on the substrate a coating selected from carbide, nitride, carbonitride and mixtures thereof, diffusing tungsten and cobalt from the substrate into the coating, oxidizing said coating, and coating said oxidized coating with oxide wear layer.

Abstract: A high-strength, coated cemented carbide product comprising a cemented carbide substrate and a fully dense alpha aluminum oxide coating on the substrate. The coating has a thickness of from 1-20 microns and is firmly and adherently bonded to the cemented carbide substrate through a thin intermediate nonmetallic layer .[.of an iron group metal aluminate.].. The coated product combines a wear resistance substantially as high as aluminum oxide cutting materials and a transverse rupture strength of at least 150,000 p.s.i. The coated product is prepared by passing water vapor, hydrogen gas and an aluminum halide over the substate at a temperature of from 900.degree.-1250.degree. C., the ratio of water vapor to hydrogen gas being between about 0.025 and 2.0.

Abstract: A high-strength, coated cemented carbide product comprising a cemented carbide substrate and a fully dense alpha aluminum oxide coating on the substrate. The coating has a thickness of from 1-20 microns and is firmly and adherently bonded to the cemented carbide substrate through a thin intermediate nonmetallic layer .[.of an iron group metal aluminate.].. The coated product combines a wear resistance substantially as high as aluminum oxide cutting materials and a transverse rupture strength of at least 150,000 p.s.i. The coated product is prepared by passing water vapor, hydrogen gas and an aluminum halide over the substrate at a temperature of from 900.degree.-1250.degree. C., the ratio of water vapor to hydrogen gas being between about 0.025 and 2.0.