Abstract: An arrangement and methods for operating and for determining the speed of an electrical machine connected to a power electronic switching device and for supplying energy to a control device of the power electronic switching device. The arrangement and methods have an inductive decoupling device arranged on an electrical conductor leading from the switching device to the electrical machine, wherein a frequency determination device is used to determine the frequency of a voltage associated with a current in the electrical conductor and thus indirectly the speed of the electrical machine, and wherein a rectified output voltage of the decoupling device forms a voltage source for the control device.

Abstract: In a control device for discharging a DC link capacitor by means of a discharging device including a load resistor and a switch element connected in series with the load resistor, the control device includes a generator unit, which is configured to generate a pulse width-modulated actuation signal for the switch element with an ascertained duty cycle, and a control unit, which is configured to ascertain the duty cycle in such a way that, in the time average, a desired discharge current flows through the load resistor.

Abstract: A device discharges an intermediate circuit capacitor. The device includes a power converter for supplying electricity to an electrical machine powering a vehicle, having the intermediate circuit capacitor and a discharge device with a series circuit of a controllable switching element and a load resistor, and a high-voltage battery feeding the power converter on the input side. The power converter has a control equipment to control the switching element, depending on a signal state at an input of the control equipment, to perform a fixed predefined number of switching operations, in which the switching element conducts, with a fixed predefined duration and a fixed predefined delay between two successive switching operations. The load resistor and its heat transfer to the power converter are set so that the load resistor is not damaged if a maximum constant voltage of the high-voltage battery is applied during a respective switching operation.

Abstract: In a control device for discharging a DC link capacitor by means of a discharging device including a load resistor and a switch element connected in series with the load resistor, the control device includes a generator unit, which is configured to generate a pulse width-modulated actuation signal for the switch element with an ascertained duty cycle, and a control unit, which is configured to ascertain the duty cycle in such a way that, in the time average, a desired discharge current flows through the load resistor.

Abstract: A device discharges an intermediate circuit capacitor. The device includes a power converter for supplying electricity to an electrical machine powering a vehicle, having the intermediate circuit capacitor and a discharge device with a series circuit of a controllable switching element and a load resistor, and a high-voltage battery feeding the power converter on the input side. The power converter has a control equipment to control the switching element, depending on a signal state at an input of the control equipment, to perform a fixed predefined number of switching operations, in which the switching element conducts, with a fixed predefined duration and a fixed predefined delay between two successive switching operations. The load resistor and its heat transfer to the power converter are set so that the load resistor is not damaged if a maximum constant voltage of the high-voltage battery is applied during a respective switching operation.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for automatically accounting and apportioning of observed service execution times. In an embodiment, the computers determine a total amount of time to process a request. The computers determine which services are called in order to process the request. The called services include a first service and a second service. The computers determine a first amount of time that the first service spends in response to processing the request and a second amount of time that the second service spends in response to processing the request. The computers calculate a first percentage for the first service based on the first amount of time and the total amount of time and a second percentage for the second service based on the second amount of time and the total amount of time.

Abstract: Techniques for generating, storing, and using service call graphs are provided. In one technique, trace data items generated by different services are correlated to generate a service call graph. Trace data indicates when certain services are called and their respective latencies as a result of a client request. A service call graph may reflect a single trace or multiple traces over a particular period of time. A service call graph may be analyzed to inform administrators of a web site how a web application and the services it relies on are performing. A service call graph may be used to determine whether there are sufficient resources to support a projected increase in traffic to a web application. A service call graph may be used to estimate a cost of a web application. Multiple service call graphs may be compared to determine one or more root causes of a performance problem.

Abstract: Techniques for generating and using service call graphs are provided. In one technique, trace data items generated by different services are correlated to generate a service call graph. Trace data indicates when certain services are called and their respective latencies as a result of a client request. A service call graph may reflect a single trace or multiple traces over a particular period of time. A service call graph may be analyzed to inform administrators of a web site how a web application and the services it relies on are performing. A service call graph may be used to determine whether there are sufficient resources to support a projected increase in traffic to a web application. A service call graph may be used to estimate a cost of a web application. Multiple service call graphs may be compared to determine one or more root causes of a performance problem.

Abstract: Techniques for generating and using service call graphs are provided. In one technique, trace data items generated by different services are correlated to generate a service call graph. Trace data indicates when certain services are called and their respective latencies as a result of a client request. A service call graph may reflect a single trace or multiple traces over a particular period of time. A service call graph may be analyzed to inform administrators of a web site how a web application and the services it relies on are performing. A service call graph may be used to determine whether there are sufficient resources to support a projected increase in traffic to a web application. A service call graph may be used to estimate a cost of a web application. Multiple service call graphs may be compared to determine one or more root causes of a performance problem.

Abstract: Techniques for generating and using service call graphs are provided. In one technique, trace data items generated by different services are correlated to generate a service call graph. Trace data indicates when certain services are called and their respective latencies as a result of a client request. A service call graph may reflect a single trace or multiple traces over a particular period of time. A service call graph may be analyzed to inform administrators of a web site how a web application and the services it relies on are performing. A service call graph may be used to determine whether there are sufficient resources to support a projected increase in traffic to a web application. A service call graph may be used to estimate a cost of a web application. Multiple service call graphs may be compared to determine one or more root causes of a performance problem.

Abstract: Techniques for generating and using service call graphs are provided. In one technique, trace data items generated by different services are correlated to generate a service call graph. Trace data indicates when certain services are called and their respective latencies as a result of a client request. A service call graph may reflect a single trace or multiple traces over a particular period of time. A service call graph may be analyzed to inform administrators of a web site how a web application and the services it relies on are performing. A service call graph may be used to determine whether there are sufficient resources to support a projected increase in traffic to a web application. A service call graph may be used to estimate a cost of a web application. Multiple service call graphs may be compared to determine one or more root causes of a performance problem.

Abstract: Techniques for generating and using service call graphs are provided. In one technique, trace data items generated by different services are correlated to generate a service call graph. Trace data indicates when certain services are called and their respective latencies as a result of a client request. A service call graph may reflect a single trace or multiple traces over a particular period of time. A service call graph may be analyzed to inform administrators of a web site how a web application and the services it relies on are performing. A service call graph may be used to determine whether there are sufficient resources to support a projected increase in traffic to a web application. A service call graph may be used to estimate a cost of a web application. Multiple service call graphs may be compared to determine one or more root causes of a performance problem.

Abstract: Techniques for generating, storing, and using service call graphs are provided. In one technique, trace data items generated by different services are correlated to generate a service call graph. Trace data indicates when certain services are called and their respective latencies as a result of a client request. A service call graph may reflect a single trace or multiple traces over a particular period of time. A service call graph may be analyzed to inform administrators of a web site how a web application and the services it relies on are performing. A service call graph may be used to determine whether there are sufficient resources to support a projected increase in traffic to a web application. A service call graph may be used to estimate a cost of a web application. Multiple service call graphs may be compared to determine one or more root causes of a performance problem.

Abstract: Techniques for evaluating the performance of a service or machine after a change that pertains to the service or machine are described. For example, an indication of a change that pertains to a service or machine is received. In response to the receiving of the indication of the change, using at least one computer processor, a performance of the service or machine after the change is evaluated. The evaluation may be based on a particular rule for evaluating the performance of the service or machine after the change. An evaluation result is generated based on the evaluating of the performance of the service or machine after the change. The evaluation result indicates the quality of the performance of the service or machine after the change.

Abstract: A method for estimating a torque of a three-phase motor for a vehicle includes measuring a respective current strength in at least two of three phase lines, wherein the three-phase motor is supplied with power by a converter, and wherein the three phase lines lead from the converter to the three-phase motor of the vehicle, measuring a respective voltage at each of the three phase lines, determining a rotating field frequency as a function of the measured current strengths or the measured voltages; and determining an estimated value for the torque as a function of the measured current strengths, the measured voltages and the determined rotating field frequency.

Abstract: A method for continuously refilling an evaporator chamber is described. A solid material is transferred into a vacuum chamber via a vacuum lock. The vacuum chamber has a partition permeable only to liquid material. The material is heated in the vacuum chamber by a heating jacket of the vacuum chamber until liquefaction, and c. the material is transferred into a basin within an evaporator chamber via a drain and a connecting channel.

Abstract: A method for estimating a torque of a three-phase motor for a vehicle includes measuring a respective current strength in at least two of three phase lines, wherein the three-phase motor is supplied with power by a converter, and wherein the three phase lines lead from the converter to the three-phase motor of the vehicle, measuring a respective voltage at each of the three phase lines, determining a rotating field frequency as a function of the measured current strengths or the measured voltages; and determining an estimated value for the torque as a function of the measured current strengths, the measured voltages and the determined rotating field frequency.

Abstract: Devices and methods for continuously refilling an evaporator chamber are described. The evaporator chamber includes a vacuum chamber having a partition that is permeable only to liquid material. The solid material can be heated in the vacuum chamber by a heating jacket of the vacuum chamber to liquefaction, and transferred via a drain and a connecting channel into a basin inside an evaporator chamber.

Abstract: In a method for determining a statement of a state of a turbomolecular pump, and in a turbomolecular pump, a vibration curve is determined with a vibration sensor (10) connected to the turbomolecular pump. The determined vibration curve is transferred to an evaluation device (12), wherein vibration amplitudes are detected by a filter (16) in the evaluation device (12) and then compared to comparative values. If a threshold value is exceeded, a warning signal is transferred to a monitoring system (30) by a remote data transfer device (28). The method allows for online monitoring of turbomolecular pumps.

Abstract: In a machine with a supervisory unit and several drives, contour discrepancies can be eliminated and synchronization simplified by using a line which is commonly employed for actuating a drive, e.g. the Enable line, also for synchronously sending a clock pulse to the various coordinated drives operating as “slaves”. The clock pulse representing the synchronization signal has a predetermined duration which is shorter than pulses typically used to deactivate a drive. The drives are designed to distinguish between these two types of pulses and only interpret a pulse of longer duration where the Drive Enable signal is switched off for a longer time, as indicating removal of the Drive Enable, i.e. deactivation of the drive.