Abstract: The invention provides methods for obtaining an expected concentration for each of a plurality of housekeeping genes and using these values to obtain normalized concentrations for genes in an experimental sample using both external transcripts and internal housekeeping genes. A standard calibration curve is prepared using intensity values and concentrations of external transcripts. The standard calibration curve is used to obtain an expected concentration for each housekeeping gene. A calibration curve in an experimental sample is used to obtain preliminary concentrations for housekeeping genes and a correction factor is calculated from the expected concentrations. The correction factor is used to normalize values for genes in the experimental sample.

Abstract: Method of producing universal controls for use in gene expression analysis systems such as macroarrays, real-time PCR, northern blots, SAGE and microarrays. The controls are generated either from near-random sequence of DNA, or from intergenic or intronic regions of a genome. Twenty-three specific control sequences are also disclosed. Also presented are methods of using these controls, including as negative controls, positive controls, and as calibrators of a gene expression analysis system.

Abstract: Method of producing controls for use in gene expression analysis systems such as macroarrays, real-time PCR, northern blots, SAGE and microarrays. The controls are generated either from near-random sequence of DNA, or from inter- or intragenic regions of a genome. Ten specific control sequences are also disclosed. Also presented are methods of using these controls, including as negative controls, positive controls, and as calibrators of a gene expression analysis system.

Abstract: Method of producing controls for use in gene expression analysis systems such as macroarrays, real-time PCR, northern blots, SAGE and microarrays. The controls are generated either from near-random sequence of DNA, or from inter- or intragenic regions of a genome. Ten specific control sequences are also disclosed. Also presented are methods of using these controls, including as negative controls, positive controls, and as calibrators of a gene expression analysis system.

Abstract: Method of producing controls for use in gene expression analysis systems such as macroarrays, real-time PCR, northern blots, SAGE and microarrays. The controls are generated either from near-random sequence of DNA, or from inter- or intragenic regions of a genome. Ten specific control sequences are also disclosed. Also presented are methods of using these controls, including as negative controls, positive controls, and as calibrators of a gene expression analysis system.

Abstract: Method of producing universal controls for use in gene expression analysis systems such as macroarrays, real-time PCR, northern blots, SAGE and microarrays. The controls are generated either from near-random sequence of DNA, or from intergenic or intronic regions of a genome. Twenty-three specific control sequences are also disclosed. Also presented are methods of using these controls, including as negative controls, positive controls, and as calibrators of a gene expression analysis system.